面向空间目标相对轨道确定的编队优化方法

A Spacecraft Formation Optimization Method for Relative Orbit Determination of Space Targets

针对提高空间目标相对轨道确定精度的问题,研究了在主航天器轨道运动受限时,通过设计和优化辅航天器相对轨道要素的航天器编队优化方法。首先,介绍了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的双视线测量相对轨道确定方法;之后,通过研究双视线测量下的空间目标定位误差变化规律,得到了减小定位误差的角度条件;然后,通过分析该角度条件和辅航天器相对轨道要素的关系,设计并采用遗传算法优化了辅航天器相对轨道;最后,数学仿真结果表明,设计的编队可保证目标相对位置估计误差收敛,优化后的编队可使目标相对位置估计误差减小至0.3 km且不超过1.2 km。

To improve the relative orbit determination(ROD)accuracy of space targets,a spacecraft formation optimization method is studied by designing and optimizing the relative orbit elements of the auxiliary spacecraft when the orbital motion of the main spacecraft is restricted.Firstly,the ROD method based on the extended Kalman filter is introduced.Secondly,by analyzing the variation of the target positioning error under the double line-of-sight measurement,the angle condition to reduce the positioning error is obtained.Then,the relation between the angle condition and the relative orbit elements of the auxiliary spacecraft is analyzed,and the relative orbit of the auxiliary spacecraft is designed and optimized by the genetic algorithm.Finally,the mathematical simulation results show that the designed formation can ensure the convergence of the target relative position estimation error,and the optimized formation can reduce the target relative position estimation error to 0.3 km and no more than 1.2 km.