任务不确定性影响工作心理状态的双刃效应研究

Study on the Double-edged Effect of Task Uncertainty on Mental State of Work

不确定性是当前工作任务最为突出的特征,也是影响员工工作心理状态的重要因素之一。根据工作要求-资源模型,选择工作繁荣、工作倦怠两种相反的工作心理状态作为结果变量,挑战性-阻碍性压力作为中介变量,研究任务不确定性对员工工作心理状态的影响。研究发现:任务不确定性对员工工作心理状态存在双刃效应,任务不确定性直接提升了工作繁荣感,同时,又通过阻碍性压力的遮掩效应和中介效应间接降低了工作繁荣感、加重了工作倦怠感。而进一步的研究则发现任务不确定的正面效应是任务的变化性大带来的,负面效应是任务的可分析性低造成的。这一研究结论为管理实践中妥善应对任务不确定提供了指导。

Uncertainty is the most prominent feature of current work tasks,and also one of the important factors affecting employees’work mental state.According to the Job Demand-Resource model,two opposite psychological states of thriving at work and job burnout were selected as the outcome variable,and challenge-hindrance stress was used as the mediating variable to study the effect of task uncertainty on employees’work mental state.The study found that task uncertainty has a double-edged effect on employees’work mental state.Task uncertainty directly boots thriving at work,and indirectly reduces thriving at work and aggravates job burnout through the masking effect and intermediary effect of hindrance stress.Further studies have found that the positive effects of task uncertainty are caused by the large variability of the task,and the negative effects are caused by the low analyzability of the task.This conclusion provides guidance for management practice to cope with task uncertainty properly.