论我国高校处分学生行为司法审查的转型——走向判断过程审查法

On the Transformation of Judicial Review of Disciplinary Action against Students in China’s Colleges and Universities:Approach to Review the Administrative Decision-making Process

目前,我国高校处分学生行为司法审查的研究和实践仍具有一定分散性,对统一行动的指导与推动力不足。以“开除学籍”处分为例,于案例和理论分析基础上,可提炼出高校处分学生行为司法审查演进的整体印象与导向脉络,即在尊重高校“学术自由”的前提下,“裁量及其司法控制”被引入诸如开除学籍等严重影响学生权利的处分中,并以对现代正当行政程序的精妙结构、科学技术的准确理解和应用为指导,提炼出“判断过程审查法”作为司法审查域内形式主义法治与实质法治主义互动、融合的最佳方案。这种转型对充分保障受处分者权益、提升高校管理水平,指导和推进理论深入,统一司法内部秩序和外部行动,推动司法审查自主、自觉地整体性变革意义重大。

At present,the research and practice of the judicial review for disciplinary action against students in China’s colleges and universities is still decentralized,and the guidance and impetus for the unified action are also insufficient.Taking the“expulsion from school”punishment as an example,on the basis of cases and theoretical analysis,the overall impression and orientation of the evolution of judicial review of disciplinary action against students in colleges and universities can be extracted.That is,under the premise of respecting the“academic freedom”of colleges and universities,“discretion and judicial control”are introduced into the punishment that seriously affects students’rights,such as expulsion from school,and guided by the exquisite structure of modern due administrative procedures and the accurate understanding and application of science and technology,the method of reviewing the administrative decision-making process is refined as the best scheme for the interaction and integration of formalism rule of law and substantive rule of law in the domain of judicial review.This transformation is important to fully protecting the rights and interests of students,improveing the management level of colleges and universities,guideing the theoretical cohesion,unifying the internal order and external actions,and promoting the independent and conscious reform of judicial review.