石油石化挥发性有机液体装载源项VOCs排放管控现状及减排策略建议

VOCs emission control status of volatile organic liquids loading in petroleum and petrochemical industries and suggestions on emission reduction strategies

综合消费量、真实蒸气压和单物质最大增量反应活性(MIR)等影响挥发性有机物(VOCs)光化学反应的关键因素,筛选10种大宗挥发性有机液体,对其载运工具、装载方式、装载环节VOCs排放和治理现状进行调研。结果显示,10种大宗挥发性有机液体整体以汽车装载为主,其次为船舶和火车,占比依次为53.6%、26.5%、19.8%;汽车装车基本建成油气回收,多数实现底部装载;火车装车油气回收较为普遍,但全部为上装,收集效率较低;装船建成油气回收设施较少。根据装载源项VOCs的治理现状、标准要求及减排潜力分析,提出我国当前装载环节VOCs减排策略:原油是目前装载环节重点管控物质,应加快各类装载方式油气回收进程;装载工具方面,应加快装船VOCs治理进度;治理措施方面,应重点加强VOCs收集效果的优化和监管。本研究可为我国石油石化领域装载环节的VOCs污染管控提供参考。

Based on the key factors affecting the photochemical reaction of volatile organic compunds(VOCs),such as consumption,real vapor pressure,and maximum incremental reactivity(MIR),ten types of bulk volatile organic liquids were screened,and research of VOCs control and emission control status during their loading were carried out.Investigations on the current emission situation showed that the ten bulk volatile organic liquids were mainly transported by tank trucks,followed by marine vessels and rail cars,which accounted for 53.6%,26.5%,and 19.8%,respectively.Vapor recovery had basically completed on tank truck loading,and most of them realized bottom loading.Vapor recovery of rail car loading was more common,but it was all on top,and the collection efficiency was low.There was fewer vapor recovery on marine vessel loading.Based on the existing shortcomings and the requirements of emission standard,the emission reduction potentials of different management and control strategies were analyzed.Policy recommendations were proposed that the process of vapor recovery should be speeded up in the crude oil loading;in terms of loading tools,the vapor recovery progress of organic liquid marine vessel loading should be speeded up;in terms of vapor collection and treatment facilities,the optimization and supervision of the vapor collection efficiency should be emphasized.