2015-2020年四川省并殖吸虫监测结果分析

Surveillance results of paragonimiasis in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020

目的 了解四川省并殖吸虫病流行现状和变化趋势,为科学防治提供依据。方法 2015-2020年在四川省选取6个并殖吸虫流行县作为并殖吸虫病监测点,开展主动监测。收集报告病例的基本信息,开展并殖吸虫流行特征分析;通过问卷调查方式,开展健康知识知晓和暴露行为调查;采集人群血清样本,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清IgG抗体;采集中间宿主溪蟹,用镜检法开展溪蟹感染情况调查。所得数据采用描述性统计学方法进行分析,率的比较用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2015-2020年共登记并殖吸虫病病例282例,主要来自达州、宜宾两地,占总数的98.2%。问卷调查13 367人,其中吃生蟹者占2.9%(385/13 367),玩螃蟹者44.4%(5 932/13 367),喝生水者56.3%(7 521/13 367)。共采集人群血清13 397人份,总体阳性率为1.6%(210/13 397)。共采集溪蟹6 873只,囊蚴感染率为11.1%,平均感染度为2.5个/只。结论 四川省并殖吸虫病传播链仍然存在,应持续开展监测和健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the prevalence and changing trend of paragonimiasis in Sichuan Province and to provide basis for the scientific prevention and control of this disease. Methods A total of 6 counties affected by paragonimiasis in Sichuan Province were selected as the surveillance points to carry out active surveillance from 2015 to 2020. The basic information on reported cases was collected and the epidemiological characteristics of paragonimiasis were analyzed. Health knowledge and exposure behaviors were investigated through questionnaire survey. Serum samples of residents were collected to detect the IgG antibody by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The freshwater crabs(intermediate host) were collected to understand the infection status by microscopic examination. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 282 cases of paragonimiasis were registered from 2015 to 2020, mainly from Dazhou and Yibin City,accounting for 98.2% of the total number. Among 13 367 people investigated,2.9%(385/13 367) ate raw freshwater crabs,44.4%(5 932/13 367) played freshwater crabs,and 56.3%(7 521/13 367) drank raw water. A total of 13 397 serum samples were collected, and the total positive rate was 1.6%(210/13 397). A total of 6 873 freshwater crabs were captured. The infection rate of metacercaria was 11.1%, and the average degree of infection was 2.5/crab.Conclusions The transmission chain of paragonimiasis still exists in Sichuan Province. Continuous monitoring and health education should be carried out.