2011-2020年南充市肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2020

目的 分析南充市2011-2020年肺结核流行病学特征,为预防和控制南充市肺结核疫情提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对南充市2011-2020年肺结核疫情资料进行统计分析,采用Excel 2019软件和SPSS 23.0统计软件对相关数据进行统计分析,采用χ^(2)检验进行率的比较,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2011-2020年南充市共报告肺结核病例38 606例,年均报告发病率为60.75/10万,年度报告发病率呈波状下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=602.380,P<0.001)。各月份均有肺结核病例报告,1月报告发病数最多(4 069例),12月报告发病数最少(2 546例),整体疫情呈高开低走。各区、县均有肺结核病例报告,年均发病率前3位的地区是南部县(77.87/10万)、仪陇县(67.94/10万)、嘉陵区(66.27/10万)。男性报告发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6 861.86,P<0.001);报告发病率居前5的年龄组为50~岁组(101.26/10万)、70~岁组(92.02/10万)、75~岁组(91.77/10万)、60~岁组(89.61/10万)、65~岁组(88.28/10万);人群分类居前5位的为农民26 234例(67.95%),家务及待业3 420(8.86%),学生2 512例(6.51%),民工1 109例(2.87%),其他1 052例(2.72%)。病例分型为病原学阴性22 525例(58.35%),病原学阳性12 071例(31.27%),无病原学结果3 727例(9.65%),利福平耐药180例(0.47%),仅培阳103例(0.27%)。结论 南充市2011-2020年肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,冬春季为高发季节,男性、55~65岁年龄组、农民为高发人群,病例分型以病原学阴性和病原学阳性为主。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nanchong from 2011 to 2020,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of the pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Nanchong.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic data in Nanchong from 2011 to 2020.Excel2019 software and SPSS 23.0 statistical software were used for statistical analysis of relevant data,and χ^(2)test was used to compare rates,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 38 606 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Nanchong,with an average annual reported incidence of 60.75/10^(5),and the annual reported incidence showed a wavy downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=602.380,P<0.001).There were reports of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in every month,with the largest number of reported cases in January (4 069 cases) and the least reported cases in December (2 546 cases).All districts and counties had reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.The top three areas with an average annual incidence rate were Nanbu county (77.87/10^(5)),Yilong county (67.94/10^(5)),and Jialing District (66.27/10^(5)).The reported incidence rate of males was higher than that of females,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6 861.86,P<0.001);The top 5 age groups with reported incidence rates were the50-year-old group (101.26/10^(5)) and the 70-year-old group (92.02/10^(5)),75-year-old group (91.77/10^(5)),60-year-old group (89.61/10^(5)) and 65-year-old group (88.28/10^(5));the top 5 population categories were farmers 26 234 cases (67.95%),3 420 cases (8.86%) of housework and unemployed,2 512 cases (6.51%) of students,1 109 cases (2.87%) of migrant workers,and 1 052cases (2.72%) of other cases.The cases were classified as negative in 22 525 cases (58.35%),positive in 12 071 cases (31.27%),no etiology in 3 727 cases (9.65%),rifampicin resistance in 180 cases (0.47%),and only positive in culture 103 cases (0.27%).Conclusions The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nanchong from 2011 to 2020 shows a downward trend.Winter and spring are high incidence rate seasons.Men,55-65 years old age groups,and farmers are the high incidence rate groups.The classification of cases is mainly pathogenic negative and pathogenic positive.