王夫之的苏轼阐释:中国古代阐释学的特殊个案

Wang Fuzhi’s Interpretation of Su Shi:A Special Example of the Ancient Chinese Hermeneutics

王夫之的苏轼阐释,集中出现在《宋论》和《姜斋诗话》中,此外《读通鉴论》也零星可见。他的这方面评论,几乎全是否定性阐释,延续了洛党和朱熹的看法,其中既有对作为参政主体和学术主体之苏轼的全盘否定,也有对作为文学创作主体之苏轼的接近于全盘的否定。其阐释方式一方面是传统的,另一方面是个性化的,具有过度阐释的特征,显性原因是明亡带来的反应,隐性或深层原因是他对党争遗患的痛恨,对佛老的反思,对道统的维护,对诚、贞观念的首肯等。

Wang Fuzhi’s interpretation of Su Shi is mainly reflected in Song Lun and Jiangzhai Shihua,and a small amount is contained in Du Tongjian Lun.All his interpretation is almost negative,and the inheritance of Luo Dang and Zhu Xi’s point of view.He had totally negated Su Shi as politician subject and academic subject,and almost completely negated Su Shi as literary and arts subject.His way of interpretation,on the one hand,is traditional,on the other hand is personalized and has the characteristics of excessive interpretation.The dominant reason is that Wang Fuzhi had suffered from the demise of the Ming Dynasty.The recessive or deep reason is his hate for Dang Zheng,Buddhism and the Taoist,and his maintenance on Dao Tong of Confucian and the view such as Cheng and Zhen.