论诗学审美范畴“机趣”——兼论机趣与理趣之区别

On the Aesthetic Jiqu of Poetics——And the Difference between Jiqu and Liqu

机趣作为诗学批评领域的一个重要范畴,广泛地运用于诗歌、戏剧、小说批评。究其发源,本于佛教“机缘”,并以佛教禅门公案之机趣沟通禅学与诗学。宋代诗人将禅门公案在诗歌中的运用,开启了富有机趣的诗歌创作生面。机趣与理趣同在生动的表现形式下有着特别的意趣。二者之区别在于:从思想来源而言,机趣的意旨在佛学范畴,而理趣的意旨在儒学范畴;机趣之产生具有随机性,理趣具有恒定性;机趣因意蕴不可言说,诗歌往往表现矛盾与悖反,理趣则有理路可循。

Absrtact:As an important field of poetic criticism,Jiqu is widely mentioned in poetry,drama and novel criticism.Originated from Buddhist“chance”,it quotes the Gongan of Zen school to explain both Zen and poetics.The poets of the Song Dynasty applied the Gongan of Zen School in their poems,which initiated a new page of poetry creation.Both Jiqu and Liqu have special vividness in expression.Their differences are as follows:first,for the source of thought,Jiqu lies in Buddhism,while Liqu lies in Confucianism;second,Jiqu is occasional,but Liqu is constant;third,Jiqu is uncertain and often includes contradictions in poetry,while Liqu has rational rules to follow.