《三里湾》的共同体书写与“新人”构想

Community Writing of San Li Wan and Conception of“New People”

1950—1970年代合作化小说被赋予形塑新中国想象和人民性的重要意识形态功能。《三里湾》中的乡村共同体和“新人”构想就是对这一历史重任的自觉回应。小说从时间、空间和伦理秩序三个维度出发,构筑了一个为进步观念所指引的现代乡村共同体,并将其转化为农民个体自身的意义结构和内在视点,以模塑个人—国家—世界的同一性,为读者提供了一个关于“新人”的知识模型。本文通过《三里湾》透视合作化小说中“新人”的知识构成、理性化过程、自我主体性建构及其价值意义,并在叙事本身所展示的伦理实像与叙事意图之间的对话冲突中发掘“新人”的多重质态,以期厘清当代文艺创作中人民性的思想基质和话语资源。

Cooperative novels in the 1950s and 1970s were endowed with the ideological functions of shaping the imagination of new China and the affinity to the people.The rural community and the idea of“New people”in San Li Wan is a conscious response to this historical task.Starting from the three dimensions of time,space and ethical order,the novel constructs a modern rural community guided by the concept of progress,and naturalizes it into the meaning structure and internal perspective of individual farmers themselves,molding the identity of individual-country-world,thus providing readers with a knowledge model of“new people”.Through San Li Wan,this paper analyzes the knowledge composition,rationalization process,self-subjectivity construction of“new people”in cooperative novels and their value and significance,and explores the multiple nature of“new people”in the dialogue and conflict between the ethical image and narrative intention displayed by the narrative itself,in order to clarify the ideological matrix and discourse resources of the affinity to the people in contemporary literary and artistic creation.