中国现代诗人的歌德造像——以宗白华、冰心、冯至为案例的考察

The Sculpturing of Goethe by Modern Chinese Poets——A Case Study of Zong Baihua,Bing Xin and Feng Zhi

所谓“在心为志,发言为诗”,作为“情动于中而形于言”的诗歌是人类认知中的高端模式,而作为新文化运动重要结晶之一的中国新诗,对某个外国诗人较为集中专门进行创作的情况似并不多见,由此尤可见出中外互动的具体面相。故此,选择宗白华、冰心、冯至的诗歌作为文本,考察其歌德塑像的“言在意外”,则可获得有深度的诗性思考,总结其意义如下:其一,文学创作的异域兴趣,是中国文学世界性因素体现的重要标志之一,也是中国现代文学参与世界文学进程的重要表现;其二,个体创作的文学史关联性,即这种发自个体的持续不断地对一个异国诗人的书写,既表现出中国诗人的广博知识兴趣,也表现出中国文学史自身进程的丰富性和兼容性;其三,文学创造的知识世界和观念侨易的世界意义,从诗人创作过程的分析中,我们可以观察到当时西学东渐尤其是德诗东渐的基本潮流,也就是说在现代性席卷全球的过程里,在诗人营造的文学世界里正发生着生动的“异文化博弈”景观,这种知识、文学与观念的侨易进程也就是世界文学和世界理想实现的过程,而中国诗人(知识精英)正以自己的方式参与其中,这种源自现代文学肇创期的传统值得认真总结并加以继承。

It’s often said that“purpose of the heart,appears in poetry literally”,as“emotion in the middle and form in speech”.Poetry is the high-end mode of human cognition,and as one of the important achievements of the New Culture Movement,Chinese new poetry,it rarely concentrated on a foreign poet in the creation process,which,however,shows the specific interaction between Chinese and foreign literature.Therefore,choosing the poems of Zong Baihua,Bingxin and Feng zhi as texts,and investigating the“words in the accident”of their moral images,we can get deep poetic thinking,and summarize its significance as follows:Firstly,the foreign interest in literary creation is one of the important symbols of the world factors of Chinese literature,and it is also an important manifestation of the participation of modern Chinese literature in the world literature process.Secondly,the relevance of literary history of individual creation,that is,the continuous writing of an alien poet from an individual,not only shows the extensive knowledge interest of Chinese poets,but also shows the richness and compatibility of the process of Chinese literary history itself;Thirdly,the world significance of the knowledge world and the Qiao-Yi of concept in literature creation.From the analysis of the poet’s creation process,we can observe the basic trend of the eastward spread of western learning,especially the eastward spread of German poetry.That is to say,in the process of the globalization of modernity,there is a vivid“foreign cultural game”landscape in the literary world created by the poet.The process of Qiao-Yi in knowledge,literature and concept is the process of world literature and the realization of world ideals.Chinese poets(intellectual elites)were participating in it in their own way.This tradition from the start of modern literature is worthy of serious summary and inheritance.