论中世纪城市工艺行会的培训考核体制

Discussion on the Training and Examination Systemof the Medieval Urban Craft Guild

作为拥有特权的“法人团体”,中世纪欧洲的城市工艺行会在学徒培养方面具有一系列明确的培训目标及考核标准。行会注重工艺实用性技能的培训,从升级考试和结业考核两方面健全“两级考核制”,形成较为规范的行会培训及考核体制,推进了城市经济发展。行会在行东与学徒之间构成森严的等级关系,其培训考核体制实质上是一种融城市经济与工艺教育为一体的新型的世俗化工艺培养及管理模式,实开近代西方市民职业化教育之先河。

As a privileged"corporate body",the urban craft guild in medieval European had a series of clear and strict training objectives and assessment standards for the training of apprentices.The guild pays attention to the training of technical practical skills.Through improving the"two-level examination system"from the two aspects of upgrading examination and completion examination,the guild formed a relatively standardized training and examination system,which promoted the development of urban economy.Guilds form a rigid hierarchy between employers and apprentices.This kind of training and assessment system is actually a new type of secular technology training and management mode integrating urban economy and technology education,which is the first of modern Western citizens'professional education.