制度安排与企业家才能错配:对中国制度改革的启示

Institutional Arrangement and Entrepreneurial Talent Mismatch: Implications for China’s Institutional Reform

鲍莫尔开创性地将企业家才能分为:生产性、非生产性和破坏性三种类型。通过对鲍莫尔、柯兹纳和凡勃仑三者企业家才能理论的比较,发现凡勃仑最早对三类企业家活动进行了界分,且更具现实解释力。奥地利学派经济学家柯兹纳强调企业家在市场过程中发现和创造信息所扮演的积极角色,但几乎不涉及企业家才能破坏性的一面。一般而言,发展中国家都会存在制度创新滞后从而导致激励机制扭曲的情况,因此企业家才能更可能配置于破坏性活动,从而阻碍经济增长。

Baumol divided entrepreneurial talents into three types: productive, unproductive and destructive. Through the comparison of Baumol’s, Kirzner’s and Veblen’s entrepreneurship theories, it is found that Veblen was the first person to divide entrepreneurial activities into three types, and it has more realistic explanatory power. Austrian economist Kirzner emphasizes the active role of entrepreneurs in discovering and creating information in the market process, but hardly touches on the destructive side of entrepreneurship. Generally speaking, in developing countries, there will be a lag in institutional innovation that leads to distortions in incentive mechanisms. Entrepreneurship is more likely to be allocated to destructive activities, thereby hindering economic growth.