中国人权发展道路的生成逻辑、价值面向与实践机理——党的二十大报告中“坚持走中国人权发展道路”之学理阐释

The Generative Logic,Value Orientation and Practical Mechanisms of China’s Human Rights Development: A Theoretical Interpretation of “Following a Chinese Path of Human Rights” in the Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

党的二十大报告中强调要“坚持走中国人权发展道路,积极参与全球人权治理,推动人权事业全面发展”。中国人权发展道路生成于近现代中国“全体优先于个体”历史逻辑、“公性先于私性”文化传统逻辑、“全体/个体并立”实践偏好逻辑的统一。全体面向人权积极促进以平等为原则,而个体面向人权司法保障则以自由为底色,平等与自由之间的张力构成当代中国人权超越性价值构造。在纵向历史轴上呈策略先后关系的全体面向人权积极促进与个体面向人权司法保障,在当代中国横向实践面上已经发展到了并行共进的新阶段,我们需要在习近平法治思想的指导下,补齐、补足、补强个体面向人权制度体系,以实现当代中国人权二象性功能的衡平输出。

The report of the 20^(th) National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we will follow a Chinese path of human rights development, actively paticipate in global human rights governance, and promote all-around advancement of human rights. Chinese path of human rights development is based on the unity of the historical logic of “the whole takes precedence over the individual” in modern China, the logic of the cultural tradition of “publicity precedes the privateness”, and the practical preference logic of “the whole/individual coexistence”. Active promotion of human rights by all is based on the principle of equality, while the judicial protection of individual human rights is based on freedom. The tension between equality and freedom constitutes the transcendental value structure of human rights in contemporary China. On the vertical historical axis,“active promotion of human rights by all” and “ judicial protection of human rights by individuals”are in a sequential relationship in strategy, but they have developed into a new stage of parallel progress in the horizontal practice of contemporary China. To realize the balanced output of the duality function of human rights in contemporary China, we need to complement, supplement and strengthen the individual-oriented human rights institutional system under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.