论《民法典》婚姻家庭编中损害赔偿的请求权基础

On the Basis of Claim for Damages in the Marriage and Family Series of the Civil Code

婚姻家庭法回归《民法典》,不能“形归而神不归”。是否真正回归,一个很重要的标志就是其请求权能否与民法典之请求权基础体系相协调。《民法典》婚姻家庭编第1054条和第1091条规定了“损害赔偿”,第1054条规定的是一种不同于合同编中的缔约过失责任的特殊缔约过失责任——因为它包括精神损害赔偿;第1091条规定的是不同于侵权责任编之一般侵权责任构成的“特殊侵权责任或者称为过错责任”,不能因为它要求过错+损害+因果关系,就认其为一般侵权责任。其所谓“过错”是由婚姻家庭编特别规定的不同于侵权责任编的特别过错,不适用过失相抵原则。但是,无论是第1054条还是第1091条,都不妨碍一般侵权行为的另外构成。

The marriage and family law is returned to the civil code, and it cannot “return to form but not to substance”. A very important sign of whether it really returns is whether its claim can be coordinated with the basic system of claim in the civil code. Articles 1054 and 1091 of the marriage and family code of the civil code stipulate “ compensation for damage”, is its claim based on contracting fault liability or tort liability?This paper holds that article 1054 provides a special liability for contracting fault, which is different from the liability for contracting fault in the contract part, because it includes compensation for mental damage;Article 1091 stipulates that “special tort liability or fault liability”, which is different from the general tort liability in the tort liability series, cannot be recognized as general tort liability because it requires fault + damage +causality. Its so-called “ fault” is completely specified by the marriage and family series, which is different from the special fault in the tort liability series. The principle of fault offset is not applicable. As long as both parties have faults, it can not constitute this kind of claim for compensation. However, neither article 1054nor article 1091 shall prevent the other composition of general tort.