明代淮河流域进士的数量、分布及其成因

The Number, Distribution and Cause of Jinshi in Huaihe River Basin of Ming Dynasty

文章采用流域视角探析淮河流域的科考状况。从地理分布来看,淮河流域的进士数量总体上呈现不平衡的特点,尤其是各府所辖县之间的差异性十分明显。西部地区进士数量最多,中、东部地区进士数量相对较少,这受到教育资源、人口分布、经济水平等因素的制约,形成了“两个高峰,多个平原”的独特现象。从时间分布来看,淮河流域的进士分布也不均衡。万历以后,淮河流域进士数量进入登第高潮期,这与国家政策的调整紧密相关。

This paper analyzes the imperial examination in Huaihe River basin area from the angle of river basin.From the perspective of geographical distribution,the number of Jinshi in the Huaihe River basin showed the characteristics of imbalance on the whole;especially,the difference between the counties under the jurisdiction of each prefecture was very obvious.The western region had the largest number of Jinshi,while the central and eastern regions have relatively fewer Jinshi,which was restricted by educational resources,population distribution,economic level and other factors,resulting in the unique phenomenon of"two peaks,many plains".From the perspective of time distribution,the distribution of Jinshi in the Huaihe River basin was not balanced.After the Wanli reign of Ming Dynasty,the number of Jinshi in the Huaihe River basin reached the peak,which was closely related to the adjustment of national policies.