视障群体友好出行的北京市街区空间影响因素及优化策略

Blocks spatial influencing factors and optimization strategies of convenient travelforvisually impaired population in Beijing

视障群体作为残障人群占比较高,具有一般出行和必须工作的双重需求。为满足视障群体的出行需求,选取北京市四环内盲人按摩店周边街区公共空间为研究样本,从地理学的点(过街空间)、线(盲道空间)、面(入口广场空间)3个空间维度出发,选取模糊层次分析方法及多因子模糊评价法,构建视障群体安全出行评价体系。研究发现,现状空间存在过路空间盲人辨识度较低、盲道核心空间侵占严重、盲道设施入口指引欠优等问题;现有研究对于导盲环境的总体评价趋于“一般”级别,其中安全性、规范性和连续性的评价分数相对较低,舒适性、可识别性次之,可达性的分数较高。根据评价结果的分析对街区导盲空间及环境提出三方面优化建议,以提升北京市导盲空间的视障友好度。

With a relatively high proportion in disabled people,the visually impaired population faces the double demands of general travel and necessary work.At present,there are many problems in the construction of guide space in China,such as nonstandard and non-complete,resulting in the travel inconvenience for the visually disabled people.In order to meet the travel demands of the visually impaired population,the public spaces around the blind massage parlors within the Fourth Ring Road of Beijing are selected as the research samples.In view of three spatial dimensions,i.e.geographical point(crossing space),line(blind sidewalk space)and surface(entrance square space),the visually impaired population safe travel evaluation system is established through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and the Multi-factors Fuzzy Evaluation Method.The results reveal the existing problems:in point space,low degree identification of the blind people;in linear space,serious encroachment of the blind sidewalk core space,in surface space,poor guidance to the entrance of the blind facilities.The overall evaluation of the guide environment tends to be at an"General"level,in which the evaluation scores of safety,standardization and continuity are relatively low,the comfort and identification scores are medium,and the accessibility scores are high.Based on the evaluation results,three suggestions were proposed for the block guide environment optimization to improve the guide space friendliness for the visually impaired population in Beijing,and to provide references for the improvement of the urban guide space in the future.