奶牛蹄皮炎关联微生物群落结构及多样性分析

Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Diversity Associated with Hoof Disease in Dairy Cows

为了研究奶牛蹄皮炎主要病原微生物群系的分布情况,于新疆昌吉市随机采集A、B两牛场的蹄病奶牛蹄皮炎样本和健康牛蹄部样本各5份,分析蹄皮炎样本和健康奶牛蹄部样本中微生物群落的多样性,并比较二者之间的差异性。从10个奶牛蹄皮炎样本中共获得26个门、39个纲、66个目、114个科和178个属的细菌,在不同分类水平上,发病组均高于健康组;A和B两牛场中奶牛蹄皮炎样本和健康奶牛蹄样本的Chao1、Faith-pd、Good coverage、Shannon、Simpson、Pielou-e和Observed species多样性指数均值差异性均显著(P <0.05);主坐标分析发现,A牛场蹄皮炎样本和A牛场健康奶牛蹄样本之间及B牛场蹄皮炎样本和B牛场健康奶牛蹄样本之间聚集在一起的微生物群落结构差异度较大。奶牛患蹄皮炎后蹄部菌群结构发生明显变化,疑似蹄病致病菌的菌群种类与丰度均增加,而常规菌群丰度有所下降,这种菌群变化与奶牛蹄皮炎发生发展可能有一定的因果关系,有待进一步研究。

To study the distribution of the main pathogen of hoof dermatitis in dairy cows. Five samples of hoof dermatitis of dairy cows with hoof disease and five samples of hoof of healthy dairy cows were randomly collected from two dairy farms in Changji City. The diversity of microbial communities in the samples of hoof dermatitis and healthy dairy cows was analyzed, and the differences between the two samples were compared.A total of 26 phyla, 39 classes, 66 orders, 114 families and 178 genera of bacteria were obtained from 10samples of dairy cow dermatitis. The incidence group was higher than the healthy group at different classification levels. Chao1, Faire-Pd, Good Coverage, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou-e and Observed species diversity mean of dairy cow dermatitis samples and healthy dairy cow hoof samples in Farm A and Farm B were significantly different(P <0.05). Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed that there was a large difference in microbial community structure between the samples of hoof dermatitis in cattle farm A and healthy hoof samples in cattle farm A and between the samples of hoof dermatitis in cattle farm B and healthy hoof samples in cattle farm B. The structure of hoof microflora of dairy cows with hoof dermatitis changed significantly, the species and abundance of bacteria have increased, while the abundance of conventional flora has decreased. This change of flora may have a causal relationship with the occurrence and development of cow hoof dermatitis, which needs further research.