马克思对黑格尔知识财产权思想的扬弃

Marx’s Sublation of Hegel’s Thought of Intellectual Property Rights

在所有制中何种权力类型占据主导地位是由社会生产力决定的。作为资本主义意识形态的面向,作者权合乎现代知识财产之私有制逻辑。黑格尔以批判的态度看待作为一种制度现象而存在的知识财产权。强调精神产品的人格性,以主人和奴隶的区分方式解决知识财产权的道德基础。知识财产理论的唯物史观转向意义在于,对共有知识进行实践解释并赋予社会存在论奠基。今天,在知识生产领域,生产力越来越围绕社会智力这个中心来形成。产业工人及其智力活动被视为真正财富生产的主动源。如果知识财产权的保护是反映人的本质力量之工业和商业的发展所创造出来的人们新的交往关系,由此便能够产生更多的人类生产力的创造。在知识和技能积累从属于资本的时代,知识财产的根本困境不是因为欠缺财产权析分和保护,而是因为在析分上有着严重的朝向片面的知识财产制定法规范的问题。

In the ownership system,which type of power occupies the dominant position is determined by the social productivity.As the orientation of capitalist ideology,author’s right conforms to the logic of private ownership of modern intellectual property.Hegel took a critical view of intellectual property rights as a kind of institutional phenomenon.He emphasized the personality of spiritual products,and established the moral basis of intellectual property rights with the distinction between master and slave.The significance of the historicalmaterialist turn of intellectual property theory lies in the practical interpretation of common knowledge and the foundation of social being.Today,in the field of knowledge production,productivity is increasingly shaped around the center of social intelligence.Industrial workers and their intellectual activities are regarded as the active source of real wealth production.If the protection of intellectual property rights is a new communication relationship created by the development of industry and commerce,which reflects the essence of human power,more human productivity can be created.In the era when the accumulation of knowledge and skills is subordinate to capital,the fundamental dilemma of intellectual property is not due to the lack of analysis and protection of property rights,but rather to a serious problem towards the one-sided norms of intellectual property legislation.