神经肽PACAP对神经内分泌系统的调控

Regulation of Neuroendocrine System by Neuropeptide PACAP

神经肽类激素垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide,PACAP)最初从牛的脑垂体中被分离;后续研究发现,PACAP及其受体广泛存在于机体的各个组织器官,全面参与机体中枢和外周神经内分泌系统的功能调节。在中枢神经内分泌系统层面,PACAP通过促进下丘脑–垂体分泌各种上游激素,正向调控下游神经内分泌组织和器官的分泌,发挥神经内分泌网络的“指挥棒”功能;在外周神经内分泌系统层面,PACAP通过分布在外周神经内分泌组织器官内的受体,采用自分泌和旁分泌方式,实现对各种下游激素分泌的精细调控,发挥维持神经内分泌系统整体和谐平衡的“平衡器”作用。该文就PACAP对中枢和外周神经内分泌系统的调控作用进行整理,分析得出PACAP对神经内分泌系统的双重调控功能,为PACAP对神经内分泌系统功能的药用开发奠定理论基础。

The neuropeptide hormone PACAP(pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide)was originally isolated from the bovine pituitary gland.Subsequent studies have found that PACAP and its receptors are widely present in various tissues and organs of the body,and fully participate in the functional regulation of the central and peripheral neuroendocrine systems.At the level of the central neuroendocrine system,PACAP serve as the“baton”of the neuroendocrine network to regulate the secretion of downstream neuroendocrine tissues and organs by promoting the secretion of various upstream hormones from the hypothalamus-pituitary system.Moreover,at the level of the peripheral neuroendocrine system,PACAP works as the“balancer”to keep the neuroendocrine harmonize by fine adjustment on various downstream hormones secretion through its receptors distributed in the tissues and organs of the peripheral neuroendocrine system and in the way of autocrine and paracrine.This article collates the regulatory effects of PACAP on the central and peripheral neuroendocrine systems,infers the dual regulatory function of PACAP,and lays theoretical foundation for the drug development of PACAP in the neuroendocrine system.