两种“底部”博弈:共同富裕中的收入分配改革

The Game Between Two“Bottom”:Reform of Income Distribution for Common Prosperity

增加低收入群体收入是我国收入分配制度改革的重要内容。自21世纪以来,此项工作的重点发生了从劳动关系“底部”“提低”到社会法“底部”“脱贫保底”的转变。在脱贫攻坚已取得全面胜利、我国迈入扎实推动共同富裕的新阶段,有必要重新反思前一时期强化劳动关系“提低”特定话术的来源与本质,从社会法“底部”出发,检视劳动关系“提低”的效果以及特定话术对劳动密集型企业的影响。未来提高低收入群体收入与劳动报酬在初次分配的比例,须妥善处理政府之手与市场之手的关系:一方面谨防非市场性“提低”在用工端与就业端的挤压效应,另一方面通过就业市场的扩容提质深挖市场性“提低”的潜力,在发展与可持续的前提下,同步实现两种“底部”收入的巩固提高。

Increasing the income of low-income groups is an important part of the reform of China’s income distribution.Since the 21st century,the emphasis of this work has changed from raising the wages of“bottom”of labor relations to poverty eradication for the“bottom”of social law.After the comprehensive victory in poverty eradication,China has entered a new stage of solidly promoting common prosperity.At this time,it is necessary to rethink the specific rhetoric(race to the bottom)strengthening wage growth of“bottom”of labor relations in the previous period.Besides,we ought to examine the reality effect of raising the wages of“bottom”of labor relations and the cognition of labor-intensive enterprises from the specific rhetoric.In the future,in order to increase the income of low-income groups and the ratio of labor remuneration in primary distribution,it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the hand of the government and the hand of the market.On the one hand,we need beware of the squeeze-effect of non-market wage growth in labor market;On the other hand,we should tap the potential of market to increase labor remuneration by expanding the employment market and improving labor quality,and increase the income of two“bottom”synchronously under the premise of development and sustainability.