一种回归:市场经济的道德性

A Return:Morality of Market Economy

主流经济学中的市场概念派生于其基础概念--最大化理性人。最大化理性人在性质上是一个非社会、非道德的概念。这个看似中性的理论概念就像一副遮光的滤镜,它使得理论家无法看清本来经过提示就能够在日常中看到的这个基本的事实--市场实践是个体在人际间的展开,市场竞争是竞争规则对于个体的筛选。事实上,市场经济到底趋向于文明化还是趋向于野蛮化,直接取决于其中的实践者在多大程度上对于自己实践的内在道德性有所自觉。而这首先要求在认识上必须根本摆脱孤立个体的决策理性的视角,并转向人际间的视角,以及认识到主流经济学把市场实践还原到个体的最大化决策理性的做法是错误的。

“Market”in mainstream neoclassical economics is derived from the rational man as its basic conceptual construct.Rational man by its nature is an asocial,amoral concept.This seemingly neutral concept serves as a shielding lens that makes theorists blind to such a basic fact,that is,market practice is about individuals unfolding among themselves inter-subjectively,and market competition is about the selecting of qualified individuals through the rule of competitive selection.It is argued in this paper that whether a market-based society will tend toward civilization or barbarism depends on the self-consciousness of the actors in market of the inherent morality of their own market practices,and this requires thoroughly getting rid of the isolated actor’s perspective and shifting to an inter-subjective perspective,and admitting that the mainstream market theory that reduces market practice to individuals’maximizing behavior is fundamentally in error.