应对新冠病毒新变种挑战:病毒侵染机制及纳米抗体进展

Responding to the Challenge of New Variants of SARS-CoV-2:Virus Infection Mechanisms and Advances in Nanobodies

SARS-CoV-2新变种的持续出现对中和抗体药物研发提出了挑战。组合多种抗体是保持抗体中和活性的一种可行策略。抗体的组合可采用多种特异性不同的抗体结构域融合形成一种多特异性抗体,或应用多种抗体的混合物(鸡尾酒)。纳米抗体具有研发快速、生产成本低、稳定性好、适于做成多特异性抗体或鸡尾酒,适于呼吸道局部给药等优点。为给新纳米抗体研发提供信息,该文总结了SARS-CoV-2侵染过程中刺突蛋白的主要宿主细胞受体及受体辅助因子在其中的作用及研究进展。同时简介了SARS-CoV-2在侵染过程中对各种宿主蛋白酶的利用,概述了其在病毒感染过程中的作用。最后,总结了目前发表的中和SARS-CoV-2的纳米抗体。

At present,the research and development of new SARS-CoV-2 drugs have focused on new mutants,and a cocktail of multivalent antibodies or several antibodies in neutralizing antibodies has a better probability of inhibiting the new mutants from infecting cells.In the research and development of multivalent antibodies,nanobodies have become one of the hot spots in research and development due to their advantages of rapid research and development,low production cost,good stability,and suitability for local administration in the respiratory tract.In order to provide information for the development of new antibodies,this article summarized the main receptors and receptor cofactors of the spike protein during SARS-CoV-2 infection.At the same time,this article introduced the utilization of various host proteases by SARS-CoV-2 during infection,describes their roles in the process of virus infection.Finally,this article summarized the currently published nanobodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2,in order to provide a reference for new drug development and epidemic control of SARS-CoV-2.