碳中和背景下煤电转型关键技术研究与展望

Key Technologies and Prospects of Coal Power Transformation Under Carbon Neutrality Background

针对目前煤电高碳排放现状,结合煤电清洁、灵活、低碳、智能化发展的转型思路,从高效灵活性改造等5大维度探究煤电转型典型技术。选择6项典型低碳技术计算2030—2060年碳减排潜力,并以技术减排成本、碳减排潜力、普及率、洁净贡献程度、应用前景和成熟度作为遴选标准综合研判典型技术的发展趋势,为“双碳”目标下煤电转型路径研究提供一定参考。结果表明:短期内适合持续推进机组灵活调峰、节能提效改造,应用高效发电技术;中长期时间段内高效发电技术为煤电减排主力军,燃料替代技术应用规模逐渐扩大并与CO捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)相辅相成,从而实现机组近零排放。

In view of high carbon emission of coal power,combined with the transformation ideas of clean,flexible,low-carbon emission and intelligent development of coal power,the typical technologies of coal power transformation were explored from five different dimensions including efficient and flexible transformation etc.The carbon reduction potential from 2030 to 2060 was quantified with six typical low-carbon technologies.The carbon reduction cost,carbon reduction potential,penetration rate,clean contribution,application prospect and maturity were selected as the major criteria to study and judge the development trend of typical technologies,which would provide a certain reference for the research on the transformation path of coal power under the"carbon peak and carbon neutrality"goals.Results show that in the short term,it is suitable to continuously promote the flexible peak load regulation,energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing upgrade,and application of high-efficiency technology;in the medium and long-term period,the major measures are high-efficiency generation technology,and the application of fuel substitution technology is gradually expanding and complementing with carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)to achieve near-zero emissions of the units.