社会科学中的创新发现与对标研究

Innovation Discovery and Benchmark Analysis in Social Sciences

如何研究社会世界,是哲学认识论和社会科学方法论的重要议题,国内外学界对此争论不休,需要凝聚共识。社会科学统一于“社会世界的创新发现”,包括有关社会世界“是什么”的本体创新、“为什么”的解释创新、“怎么办”的技术创新。社会科学方法服从社会世界的创新发现,包括导赏、表征、评判、干预社会世界的方法。导赏社会世界服从“以名责实”策略;表征社会世界服从“循证考据”策略;评判社会世界服从“对标研究”策略;干预社会世界服从“技术检验”策略。其中,“对标研究”是指研究者通过理念和经验互相参照的方式评判社会世界的过程。根据对理念和经验两端的确信程度不同,评判社会世界包括“评估、演绎、归纳、猜想”四种不同的思维方式。

How to study the social world is an important topic of philosophical epistemology and social science methodology.Scholars all over the world have been arguing about this and need a consensus.The goal of social science lies in“the innovation and discovery of the social world”,including the ontology innovation of“what is”,the explanation innovation of“why”and the technological innovation of“how to do”that raise questions for the social world.Social science methods are subject to the innovative discoveries of the social world,including the methods of guiding,representing,judging and interfering of the social world.Guiding the social world obeys the strategy of“symbol sorting reality”,representing the social world obeys the strategy of“collect screening evidence”,judging the social world obeys the strategy of“benchmark analysis”,and intervening the social world obeys the strategy of“technical test”.Among them,“benchmark analysis”refers to the process in which researchers judge the social world through the cross reference of ideas and experiences.Judging the social world includes four different ways of thinking,namely“evaluation,deduction,induction and conjecture”,according to the degree of certainty at both ends of ideas and experience.