13-14世纪的知识谱系与元代文人的书写

The Genealogy of Knowledge in the 13th and 14th Centuries and the Writings of the Literati in the Yuan Dynasty

13—14世纪由于蒙古人百余年的世界征略,欧、亚大陆形成以海、陆丝绸之路为纽带的世界体系,位于当时世界最东端的中国成为世界经贸与文化交流中心,这给元代文人的知识谱系造成了“爆炸式”的影响。驳杂的知识来源使得元代文人在书写上表现为平行书写、跨域书写和多语书写等多种新形态。在应对知识谱系巨大变化的现实面前,元代统治者试图创制“译写一切文字”的符号体系,精英文人期望摒除一切情绪与偏见,其最终目的都在于力图消除多元文化交流碰触过程中语言与信息的模糊性,实现对新知识谱系“言之如水之监物,烛之取影”的写实效果,这也是知识谱系处于巨大变化中的13—14世纪最切合的书写理念。

With the century-old world conquest of the Mongolians and the Eurasian world system linked by the land and maritime Silk Road in the 13th and 14th centuries,China,located at the easternmost end of the world,emerged as the center of world economic,trade and cultural exchanges.This had an“explosive”impact on the knowledge genealogy of the Yuan Dynasty.Accordingly,diverse sources of knowledge gave rise to many new forms of writing,such as parallel writing,cross-boundary writing and multilingual writing.In response to the dramatic changes in the knowledge genealogy,rulers of the Yuan Dynasty intended to create a symbol system which could“translate and write in all languages”.In terms of the literati of Yuan Dynasty,their ultimate goal was to eliminate the fuzziness of language and information in the process of multi-cultural communication by getting rid of all personal emotions and prejudices,and realize the effectiveness of the new knowledge genealogy,that is,“expression is like the reflection on the water and the shadow of a candle”,which was regarded as the most appropriate writing concept in the 13th and 14th centuries when the genealogy of knowledge was undergoing great changes.