全民健身视角下个人健康数据保护的缺憾与求解——基于Keep等34个APP的隐私政策分析

Shortcomings and Solutions of Personal Health Data Protection from the Perspective of National Fitness——Based on the Analysis of Privacy Policy of 34 Apps including Keep

健身过程中所产生的个人健康数据不仅关涉与健康有关的权利、更关涉健康中国战略实施过程中的个人自由与个人尊严。当前我国的个人健康数据权利保护存在如下问题:在数据收集环节存在收集功能的隐蔽性、收集同意的强迫性、收集条款的暧昧不明、收集范围的模糊不清;在数据利用环节存在无偿利用、商业利用、显名利用;在数据权利保护环节存在“一次授权即永久”的误区以及“只顾收集、不顾救济”的乱象。我国《民法典》与个人数据保护相关的法律规范对个人健康数据的保护态度明确,但保护方式略有留白。研究表明:在充分考量数据治理的共享共管共治的基础上,可区分数据收集、利用、保护三个环节分别设置具体规则,建立用户友好型的个人健康数据保护模式,完善数据收集协商机制,建立“普遍免费+个别付费”的模式,保障数据主体的修正权与删除权。

Huge amount of personal health data generated in the process of national fitness are not only related to health-related rights, but also to personal freedom and personal dignity in the implementation of the Health China strategy. Currently, theproblems regarding the protection of personal health data rights in China include: invisible measure of collection, coerced consent of collection, ambiguous terms of collection clauses, and vague scope of collection. The issues in the data utilization stage include free use, commercial use and explicit use. The issues in the data protection stage include "one-time consent is taken as lifelong consent" and "only caring about collection while neglecting protection".Although the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and other legal provisions regarding protection of personal data have made a clear attitude towardsthe protection of personal health data, they still leave blank in specific protection methods. The research suggests that after fully considering the sharing and co-governance of data governance, the relevant government agencies should add specific measures regarding data collection, utilization and protectionrespectivelyto build a user-friendly protection mode, improve the negotiation mechanism of data collection to developa "universal free + individual payment" mode, and guarantee the user’s right to rectify or erase personal data.