传统“文章学”与现代散文文类观念的建构

Traditional“Literary Study”and the Construction of the Genre Concept of Modern Prose

“五四”初期“文学之文”与“应用之文”的论争,从概念层面将文学性的“散文”从传统“文章”中剥离出来,散文成为独立的文类。但传统文章学仍从正反两面影响着现代散文文类观念的建构。一方面,缘于对传统载道散文的拒斥,现代文论界纷纷译介西方随笔及其自我表现精神,普遍认同家常絮语式的散文;另一方面,20世纪20年代中期以后,在散文写作的公共性与个人性的问题上,文论界又回到了传统文章观念,只是诸家选择了不同的流脉和路径。此外,现代文学史上众多关于小品散文的“作法”和“讲义”,在潜通暗接传统文章学的基础上,推动了现代散文创作的经典化和类型化,成为构建现代散文文类观念的重要一环。

At the beginning of the May 4th Movement,the literary“prose”is separated from the traditional“article”by the conceptual when debate between“literature”and“application”,and prose became an independent genre.However,the traditional article study still influences the construction with the genre concept of modern prose genre through positive and negative aspects.On the one hand,due to the rejection of traditional prose,modern literary theorists have translated and introduced the western essays and self-expression spirit,and generally agreed with the prose of homely style;On the other hand,after the mid 1920s,on the issue of publicity and individuality about prose writing,the literary theorists returned to the traditional concept of article,but various schools chose different streams and paths.In addition,on the basis of secretly connecting the article study,many“methods”and“handouts”about prose in the history of modern literature,have promoted the canonization and typification of modern prose creation,and become an important part of building the genre concept of modern prose.