“硬规定”与“软约束”:中小学教研之困及其化解对策——基于学校管理者的视角

Hard Regulations and Soft Constraints:The Dilemma and Resolution of Teaching Research in Primary and Secondary Schools:From the Perspective of School Administrators

中小学教研流于形式,未能充分促进教师专业成长的普遍现象与学校管理制度密不可分。本研究从学校管理者的视角通过对B市X区中小学教研的调查发现,学校一方面面临着开展教研的“硬规定”压力,另一方面却只能对教师开展教研的行为做出“软约束”。其原因主要在于学校和教师自主权的缺失以及双方委托—代理关系所导致的弱激励。要化解中小学所面临的“硬规定”与“软约束”并存的困境,就需要从制度上保障学校和教师的教研自主权,转变教研评价方式,培养教师的科研能力和打造研究型学校文化。

The common phenomenon that teaching research in primary and secondary schools becomes a mere formality and its promoting effect on teachers’professional growth is not fully played is closely related to school management systems.From the perspective of school administrators,this study investigated the teaching and research of primary and secondary schools in X county of B city,and found that,on the one hand,schools are faced with the pressure of“hard regulations”to carry out teaching and research,but on the other hand,they can only make“soft constraints”on teachers’conduct of teaching and research.The reasons lie in the lack of schools’and teachers’autonomy and the weak incentives caused by principal-agent relationship.In order to get rid of these dilemmas,it is necessary to guarantee the autonomy of schools and teachers in teaching research,change the assessment mode of teaching research,and develop teachers’research ability as well as research-oriented culture in schools.