行政协议裁判准用《中华人民共和国民法典》格式条款规则及其修正

Administrative agreement adjudication shall be subject to the format terms and amendments of Civil Code Rules of the People′s Republic of China

如何公正解决行政协议格式条款诸多纠纷系司法实践一大难题,从公平原则和行政权规制两方面可论证行政协议裁判可准用《中华人民共和国民法典》格式条款规则。关于准用格式条款认定规则,应将双方是否经过实质协商作为司法判断标准;关于准用格式条款提醒义务规则,应当对行政机关履行提醒义务的范围予以扩张性准用,从提醒时间、提醒方式、提醒程度等方面对“合理方式”进行判断;关于准用格式条款无效规则,在准用条件、准用序位等方面进行修正性准用,对“不合理”“主要权利”的认定应结合个案影响因素进行权衡性判断和解释;关于准用格式条款解释规则,应根据行政协议特性对通常解释进行修正性准用,而且存在排除准用解释规则的情形。

How to fairly solve many disputes over the format terms of administrative agreements is a major problem in judicial practice.It can be demonstrated that the format terms of Civil Code of the People′s Republic of China can be applied to administrative agreement adjudication from the aspects of fairness principle and administrative power regulation.As for the rules for determining the applicable standard terms,whether the parties have conducted substantive negotiations shall be taken as the judicial judgment standard;as for the rules of reminder obligation of standard terms,the scope of reminder obligation performed by administrative organs should be extended for application,and the"reasonable way"should be judged from the aspects of reminder time,reminder method,reminder degree,etc;as for the invalidity rule of standard terms,it should be modified and applied in terms of the conditions and order of application,and the identification of"unreasonability"and"main rights"should be judged and interpreted in light of the influencing factors of the case;as for the rules of interpretation of standard terms,the general interpretation should be applied mutatis mutandis according to the characteristics of administrative agreements,and there are cases where the rules of interpretation of standard terms are excluded.