肌肉减少症与肿瘤发生关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between sarcopenia and carcinogenesis

目前大多数肿瘤发病较为隐匿,诊断时多已为中晚期,治疗手段非常有限且复杂,因此通过识别并控制致癌危险因素来预防肿瘤的发生显得尤为重要。关于肿瘤发生的危险因素,除了熟知的电离辐射、烟草、饮酒、细菌及病毒感染等以外,与肌肉减少症(简称肌少症)密切相关的一些因素,例如身体活动减少、代谢综合征等也被认为与肿瘤发生相关。肌少症主要与炎症加剧、氧化应激损伤、免疫功能下降、代谢综合征及肌肉调控因子失调等因素有关。近年来,有研究发现肌少症引起的免疫失调、胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症与某些肿瘤的发生存在着直接或间接的联系。但目前相关研究比较匮乏,涉及的肿瘤种类较少,对肌少症继发肿瘤的机制暂无系统的描述与总结。因此,本文将就肌少症与不同类型肿瘤发生风险的关系以及肌少症导致肿瘤发生可能的机制展开综述,为预防肌少症相关性肿瘤提供理论基础。

At present the onset of most cancers is hidden and the diagnosis is mostly in the middle and late stage.The treatment means are very limited and complex.Therefore it is particularly important to identify and control the risk factors for cancer to prevent the occurrence of cancer.As for the risk factors of cancer in addition to the well-known ionizing radiation tobacco alcohol consumption bacterial and viral infections some factors closely related to sarcopenia such as reduced physical activity and metabolic syndrome have also been considered to be related to the development of cancer.Sarcopenia is mainly related to inflammation oxidative stress injury immune dysfunction metabolic syndrome and dysregulation of muscle regulators.In recent years it has been found that the immune dysregulation insulin resistance and chronic inflammation caused by sarcopenia are directly or indirectly related to the occurrence of some cancers.However at present there is a lack of relevant research involving fewer types of cancer and there is no systematic description and summary of the mechanism of cancer secondary to sarcopenia.Therefore this article will review the relationship between sarcopenia and the risk of different types of cancer and the possible mechanism of sarcopenia leading to cancer so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of sarcopenia-related cancer.