膳食模式与肿瘤的关系及作用机制

The relationship between dietary patterns and cancer and its mechanism of action

膳食与肿瘤的关系密切,健康的膳食模式可降低某些肿瘤的发病风险,而不恰当的膳食结构则可能是机体发生全身性代谢性疾病的重要诱因,比如肿瘤。近年来,越来越多的研究探索了不同饮食模式对肿瘤的发病率、死亡率以及治疗效果的影响,本文梳理了目前备受关注的几种饮食模式,包括地中海饮食、生酮饮食及促炎饮食与肿瘤的关系及可能的作用机制,结果表明地中海饮食可通过调节激素水平、激活抗氧化机制、刺激免疫系统、下调致癌因子水平等方式降低如结直肠癌、前列腺癌、呼吸和消化系统癌、乳腺癌、口咽癌(口腔癌和咽喉癌)等的发生率以及总体死亡率,生酮饮食模式则可能通过靶向调节糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、线粒体代谢以及调控基因表达、调节信号通路、降低血管化水平等途径减缓肿瘤生长,在延长患者的生存期以及逆转肿瘤诱导恶液质进程等方面发挥着重要作用,并逐渐成为一种有效的抗癌治疗手段,而促炎饮食因其膳食中含有较多的炎症成分,则可能通过增加机体炎症水平、改变微生物群状态、影响表观遗传重塑等方式促进肿瘤的发生和发展。

As we all know diet is closely related to cancer.Healthy diet pattern can reduce the risk of some cancers while inappropriate diet structure may be an important inducement leading to systemic metabolic diseases such as tumors.In recent years more and more studies have explored the influence of different diet patterns on the morbidity mortality and treatment effect of tumors.This paper combs several diet patterns that have attracted much attention at present Including the relationship between Mediterranean diet Ketogenic diet and Pro-inflammatory diet and tumor and the possible mechanism of action.The results show that Mediterranean diet can reduce the incidence and overall mortality of colorectal cancer prostate cancer respiratory and digestive system cancer breast cancer oropharyngeal cancer oral cancer and throat cancer by regulating hormone levels activating antioxidant mechanism stimulating immune system and down-regulating carcinogenic factors.Ketogenic diet mode may slow down tumor growth by targeting glucose metabolism amino acid metabolism mitochondrial metabolism regulating gene expression regulating signal pathway and reducing vascularization level.It plays an important role in prolonging the survival time of patients and reversing the process of tumorinduced cachexia and has gradually become an effective anti-cancer treatment.The Pro-inflammatory diet contains more inflammatory components which may promote the occurrence and development of tumors by increasing the inflammatory level changing the state of microflora and affecting epigenetic remodeling.