基于超导量子系统的量子纠错研究进展

Advances in quantum error correction based on superconducting quantum systems

基于量子力学基本原理的信息处理技术,在计算、传感等领域具有远超经典技术的巨大潜力.随着实验技术的进步,量子调控技术得到突飞猛进的发展.在所有的量子信息处理平台中,基于固体材料的超导系统,具有精确的量子调控能力、优异的量子相干性以及适合大规模集成化等优点.因此,超导量子系统成为当前最有潜力的量子信息处理平台之一.目前的超导芯片能集成约一百个量子比特,已经可以展示量子系统的优势,但进一步的发展受到系统噪声的制约.为了突破这一瓶颈,借鉴经典信息中的纠错技术发展而来的量子纠错技术受到广泛的关注.本文介绍了超导量子系统中量子纠错的研究进展,主要包括超导量子系统的基本原理、常用的量子纠错编码方案、纠错相关的控制技术以及近期超导量子纠错的应用.最后,总结了超导量子纠错领域面临的七个关键问题.

Information processing technology based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics shows great potential applications in computing,sensing and other fields,and is far superior to classical technology.With the advance of experimental technology,quantum control technology develops rapidly.Compared with other quantum information processing platforms,the superconducting system based on solid materials has the advantages of accurate quantum controllability,excellent quantum coherence and the potential for large-scale integration.Therefore,superconducting quantum system is one of the most promising platforms for quantum information processing.The existing superconducting circuits,which can integrate about one hundred qubits,have already demonstrated the advantages of quantum systems,but further development is limited by system noise.In order to break through this bottleneck,quantum error correction technology,which is developed from the classical error correction technology,has attracted extensive attention.Here,we mainly summarize the research progress of quantum error correction in superconducting quantum systems including the basic principles of superconducting quantum systems,the quantum error correction codes,the related control techniques and the recent applications.At the end of the article,we summarize seven key problems in this field.