商业银行数字化转型的主要模式与路径研究

Research on the main modes and paths of digital transformation of commercial banks

数字时代快速而广泛的产业数字化给商业银行提出了新的要求。本文研究发现,在数字经济大发展背景下,生产力与生产关系、客户行为习惯和行业竞争格局,以及国际环境变化是商业银行数字化转型的根本原因。在探索数字化转型实践中,中国商业银行逐渐探索出了全能金融航母、专业服务外包和纯互联网基因三种模式。从国际范围来看,高度重视银行服务数字化趋势,放宽准入鼓励市场竞争,增加投入应对数字化挑战,建立敏捷柔性的银行服务体系,创新监管方式应对风险新形态,是发达国家商业银行应对数字化冲击的标准动作。但作为一个新事物,当前中国商业银行数字化转型还存在着数字战略与实际业务联系不够紧密、资源投入不足、软硬件实力和西方相比仍有差距以及监管相对滞后等短板。在对国际经验进行归纳分析后,本文提出从加强基础技术研发,强化数字赋能和构建数字治理体系三个角度采取有力措施推动中国商业银行数字化转型。

The rapid and extensive industrial digitization in the digital age has put forward new requirements for commercial banks.This paper finds that under the background of the great development of the digital economy,productivity and production relations,customer behavior habits and industry competition patterns,as well as changes in the international environment are the fundamental reasons for the digital transformation of commercial banks.In the practice of exploring digital transformation,Chinese commercial banks have gradually explored three models of all-round financial aircraft carrier,professional service outsourcing and pure Internet genes.From an international perspective,it attaches great importance to the trend of digitalization of banking services,relaxes access to encourage market competition,increases investment to meet digital challenges,establishes an agile and flexible banking service system and innovates regulatory methods to deal with new forms of risk is standard actions for commercial banks in developed countries to respond to the impact of digitalization.However,as a new thing,the current digital transformation of Chinese commercial banks still has shortcomings such as the lack of close connection between digital strategy and actual business,insufficient resource investment,the gap between the strength of software and hardware compared with the West,and the supervision is relatively lagging behind.After summarizing and analyzing international experience,this paper proposes to take effective measures to promote the digital transformation of Chinese commercial banks from three perspectives:strengthening basic technology research and development,strengthening digital empowerment and building a digital governance system.