1960-2018年四川宜宾气候舒适度变化特征研究

Study on variation characteristics of climate comfort in Yibin,Sichuan during 1960—2018

基于四川省宜宾气象站1960—2018年的观察站点59年的逐日气温、日照时数、相对湿度、风速的气象观测资料,运用风效指数、着衣指数、温湿指数、舒适度综合指数的计算方法分别对其年际、年内变化特征进行分析.结果表明:①气候舒适度年际变化特征中,温湿指数、风效指数的年际变化趋势比较明显,呈现上升趋势;着衣指数、综合指数年际变化总体上趋势平缓.温湿指数的年际变化幅度相对较大;其余指数的年际变化幅度较小.除风效指数外,总体上都是较舒适到舒适等级的方向发展.②气候舒适度年内变化特征综合来看,温湿指数和风效指数都为单峰型、着衣指数为低谷型、综合指数为“M”型.舒适期基本上在春季和秋季.风效指数比较特殊,大部分在夏季.各项指数持续天数最多的月份,天数都不少于27 d.③宜宾近59 a不同舒适等级的初始日期、终止日期、持续天数的变化特征各有差异.初始日期多在春季,终止日期多在冬季.持续天数在20~162 d之间变化.该研究旨为当地居民日常生活、旅游活动以及气象服务提供一定的参考.

Based on the meteorological observation data of 59 years of daily temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and sunshine hours of the observation site of Yibin meteorological station in Sichuan province from 1960 to 2018,the calculation methods of wind efficiency,index of cloth loading,temperature and humidity index and comprehensive comfort index are used to analyze the interannual and intra-year variation characteristics.①The interannual variation characteristics of climate comfort are as follows:the interannual variation trend of temperature and humidity index and wind-effect index is relatively obvious,presenting an upward trend,Index of cloth loading,comprehensive comfort index inter-annual variations on the whole trend are flat.The interannual variation range of temperature and humidity index is large.The inter-annual variations of the comprehensive comfort index,index of cloth loading,wind-effect index very slightly.Except for the wind-effect index,it is generally developed from the comfort level to the comfort level.②From the comprehensive perspective of the characteristics of climate comfort changes during the year,the temperature and humidity index and the wind efficiency index are both single-peaked,the clothing index is trough type,and the comprehensive index is“M”type.Comfort periods are basically in spring and autumn.The wind efficiency index is relatively special,mostly in the summer.The months in which the index lasted the most days were not less than 27 days.③The initial date,termination date and duration number of days of different comfort levels in Yibin in the past 59 years have been different.The initial date is mostly in the spring,and the end date is mostly in the winter.The number of duration days varies between 20 and 162 days.The purpose of the study is to provide a certain reference for the daily life,tourism activities and meteorological services of local residents.