人体隐喻词族的多义路向推演——“手(hand)”抉隐索微

Deduction of Polysemy of Human Body Metaphors——Adopting“Hand”as an Exemplar

语言多义系统严格遵循隐喻路径及其逻辑进行生成、演化和拓展。人体词族的衍生与泛化是该系统的典型代表与展示舞台。从基本意象到测量意象,“手(hand)”词群扩张的隐喻路径有七种。该词族在汉英两种语言中共享大部分的认知投射,整体上呈现“大同小异”的趋势。两种语言中的“手(hand)”隐喻因两个民族具有的相同生理基础和具身感知呈现诸多相似之处,又因两者不同的文化认知观而具有一定差异性。汉英语言对“手(hand)”的认知路径存在分野,其原因是两民族文化的趋异性。人类的认知模式大致相同,但个体之间因为地理环境和生活条件的影响,必然存在异质性。

The generation,evolution and extension of the polysemy system is strictly based on and follows the metaphorical path and its logic.The derivation and expansion of the human body word family is a typical representative and a grand display stage of the system.From basic imagery to measurement imagery,there are seven metaphorical paths for the expansion of the word family“hand”.Such a word family shares most of the cognitive projection in English and Chinese with“more similarities and fewer differences”.The"hand"metaphor in the two languages has many similarities because of the same physiological basis and embodied perception of the two nations,and also has some differences because of their different cultural cognitive views.The cognitive pathways of“hand”in the two languages vary because of the discrepancy between the cultures of the two peoples.Human cognitive patterns are roughly the same,but there must be heterogeneity between individuals due to the influence of geographical environment and living conditions.