艾莉·格里菲斯的侦探小说系列中的莎士比亚典故与国家身份

Shakespearean Allusions and National Identities in Elly Griffiths'Ruth Galloway Books

在《侦探小说中的莎士比亚式暗示》一文中,笔者认为在黄金时代的侦探小说中,“有时DCI莎士比亚被分配到边境巡逻·最重要的是,他被用来在英国人和德国人之间进行谈判;当DCI莎士比亚人伍时,莎士比亚以及英国性对彼此意味着什么的问题变得尤为紧迫”。然而,近年来,莎士比亚已经常被用来作为其他方式来区分和划分什么是英国性。本文中,笔者特别关注莎士比亚的典故是如何在Elly Griffiths的Ruth Galloway系列书中被运用的。Ruth Galloway是始于2009年的一系列侦探小说,至今仍在持续更新,有两种跨文化因素在起作用。一种是与21世纪小说中嵌入的对早期现代戏剧的暗示有关,另一种是由书中对移民、人侵和不同文化间遭遇的兴趣产生的。Elly Griffiths实际上是Domenicadi Rosa的笔名,顾名思义,Domenica diRosa有着意大利血统,但在英国出生和长大,这使她处在两种不同文化传统的边缘。她书中所描述的犯罪也通常是文学性的边缘地带,因为它们涉及埋在海陆边缘的尸体。它们通常也与人侵和移民的故事有关,并且莎士比亚式的暗示被投人到持续的、有说服力的对话中来呈现对种族、身份和过去对现在的影响的关注。对Griffiths来说,莎士比亚式的暗示是一种勾勒出她小说引起共鸣的方式,同时也提醒她的读者,民族和文化身份是多么错综复杂。

I In Shakespearean Allusion in Detective Fiction,I argued that in Golden Age detective fiction,“Sometimes DCI Shakespeare is assigned to border patrol……Above all,he is used to negotiating between the English and the Germans,and the question of what Shakespeare and Englishness mean to each other becomes particularly pressing when DCI Shakespeare enlists.”In more recent years,however,Shakespeare has been used to insist on other ways of differentiating and demarcating Englishness.In this paper,I look specifically at how Shakespearean allusions have been mobilised in Elly Griffiths'Ruth Galloway books,a series of detective fiction which started in 2009 and is still ongoing.I argue that there are two kinds of intercultural engagement at work,one connected to the embedding of allusion to early modern plays within a twenty-first century novel and the other generated by the books'interest in migration,invasion,and encounters between different cultures.Elly Griffiths is in fact a pseudonym for Domenica di Rosa,who is,as the name suggests,of Italian origin but born and brought up in England,giving her a culturally liminal position on the edge of two different kinds of heritage,and the crimes featured in the books are often literally liminal in that they involve bodies buried on the edge between sea and land.They are also typically connected to stories of invasion and migration,and Shakespearean allusion is put into sustained and telling dialogue with concern about ethnicities,identities,and the weight of the past on the present.For Griffiths,Shakespearean allusion is a way of drawing out the resonances of her novels,but also of reminding her readers of how braided and hybridised national and cultural identities can be.