菌渣还田比例及粒级对土壤特性及水曲柳苗木生长的影响

Effect of Ratio and Size Added Spent Mushroom Substrate on Soil Properties and Growth of Fraxinus mandshurica Seedlings

为探究菌渣还田对圃地理化性质和水曲柳苗木生长的影响,采用完全随机区组设计,设置3种菌渣施用粒级(3、5、8 mm)、5种菌渣施用量梯度(菌渣与土壤体积比分别为1∶10、1∶8、1∶5、1∶3、1∶2)和对照(无添加,CK),并测定菌渣还田后圃地的理化性质及水曲柳裸根苗的生长状况。结果表明:3种粒级下,低比例菌渣还田(菌渣∶土壤=1∶10)均能显著降低土壤容重和土壤pH值,提高土壤有机质、碱解氮的含量。高比例菌渣还田(菌渣∶土壤=1∶2)对圃地土壤有效养分含量有显著的抑制作用,土壤有机质、碱解氮的含量分别比对照显著降低了26.62%、41.03%;低比例菌渣还田显著促进了水曲柳苗木根系生物量的积累。还田比例为1∶10,粒级为8 mm时,苗高增长量和根系生物量分别比对照显著增加125.91%和187.9%。高比例菌渣还田则显著降低了水曲柳苗高和地径的增长量;低比例的菌渣还田可以改善土壤理化性质提高苗木生长,还田粒级对苗木生长无显著影响,但比例和粒级的交互作用促进了苗木的高生长并提高了苗木质量。本试验的土壤状况表明还田比例为1∶10,粒级为8 mm时显著提高了土壤速效氮和有机质含量,促进了根系生长和苗木高生长量,并提高苗木质量。

This study explored the effects of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)that were added to the soil on the nursery soil physical and chemical properties and growth of Manchurian ash(Fraxinus mandshurica)seedlings,and provided a scientific basis for the popularization and utilization of SMS added to the soil during cultivation of seedlings.The experiment adopted a completely randomized block design with 3 size classes of SMS that were applied(3 mm,5 mm,8 mm)and six ratios of SMS that were applied.The ratio of SMS to soil volume was0(CK,no added SMS treatment),1∶10,1∶8,1∶5,1∶3,and 1∶2,and there were 16 plots per complete block.The suitable ratio of SMS that was added to the soil(SMS∶soil=1∶10)can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter and available nitrogen.At this time,the root biomass of Manchurian ash seedlings increased significantly.The growth of seedling height and root biomass were significantly higher with respect to the CK by125.91%and 187.9%,respectively.A large amount of SMS that was added to the soil(SMS∶soil=1∶2)significantly inhibited the effect on soil nutrients and the growth of Manchurian ash seedlings.At this time,compared with the CK,and the soil organic matter and available nitrogen were significantly reduced by 26.62%and 41.03%,respectively.The growth of seedling height and ground diameter significantly were reduced by 27.80%and35.09%,respectively.The lower ratio of SMS added to the soil can improve the soil physical and chemical properties,and improve the growth of seedlings.The size classes of SMS had no significant impact on seedling growth,but the interaction of ratio and size promotes the growth of seedlings height and improves the quality of seedlings.The soil condition in this study indicated that when the ratio and size was 1∶10 and 8 mm,respectively,it significantly increased soil pH,soil available nitrogen content and soil organic matter content.Meanwhile,it promoted root growth of seedlings,accumulated more biomass,and improved seedling quality.