政策、通道与商品:清朝西南边境贸易管理考察的三个维度(1644~1840)

POLICIES,CHANNELS AND COMMODITIES:THREE DIMENSIONSOF INVESTIGATION ON SOUTHWESTBORDER TRADEMANAGEMENTOFTHEQING DYNASTY(1644~1840)

对清朝西南边境贸易管理的历史考察主要从政策、通道与商品三个维度进行。从贸易政策来看,清朝对西南边境贸易严格管控,查拿不法之徒,并因时因势予以调适;从贸易通道来看,清朝在重要的边境关隘设兵驻防,征税通商,其他关隘则禁止出入;从商品种类来看,清朝西南边境贸易的主要商品为名目繁多的日用特产,其中以茶叶、棉花、食盐所占比重较大,而军需物资始终为边境贸易禁止之列。总体来看,清朝的西南边境贸易促进了中国与西南邻国的经济交流,有利于西南边境地区的发展和稳定。

The historical investigation of the southwest border trade management in the Qing Dynasty is mainly conducted from three dimensions:policy,channel and commodity.From the perspective of trade policy,the Qing Dynasty strictly controlled the trade on the southwest border,investigated the outlaws,and adjusted it according to the time and situation;from the perspective of trade channels,the Qing Dynasty set up troops to garrison important border passes,levied taxes and traded,and prohibited entry and exit at other passes;from the perspective of commodity types,the main commodities in the southwest border trade of the Qing Dynasty were various kinds of daily specialies,among which tea,cotton and salt accounted for a large proportion,while military supplies were always prohibited in the border trade.On the whole,the southwest border trade in the Qing Dynasty promoted the economic exchanges between China and its southwest neighbors and was beneficial to the development and stability of the southwest border area.