生态文明视域下海洋生态环境损害赔偿范围研究

Research on the scope of compensation for marine ecological damage in the perspective of ecological civilization

在新发展阶段,实行最严格的损害赔偿制度是建设生态文明的必然要求。于海洋生态环境损害赔偿而言,生态文明要求赔偿范围应当统一并且合理。海洋具有与陆域不一样的特点,海洋生态环境损害赔偿与陆域生态环境损害赔偿相比有其特殊性。现行法律及国际公约中对海洋生态环境损害赔偿范围的规定有矛盾之处,司法实践中对赔偿范围的认定亦不一致。海洋生态环境损害赔偿的特殊性致使海洋生态环境损害赔偿范围不宜直接适用《中华人民共和国民法典》的规定。在论证海洋生态环境损害赔偿的权利基础之上,提出应以海洋自然资源国家所有权重构海洋生态环境损害赔偿范围,并指出在生态文明视域下重构海洋生态环境损害赔偿范围的路径。

The implementation of the strictest damage compensation system is an inevitable requirement for the construction of ecological civilization in the new development stage.In terms of compensation for damage to the marine ecological environment,ecological civilization requires that the scope of compensation should be uniform and reasonable.The ocean has different characteristics from the land area,and compensation for damage to the marine ecological environment has its special characteristics compared with compensation for damage to the ecological environment in the land area.There are contradictions of the scope of compensation for damage to marine ecological environment in the existing laws and international conventions,and there is inconsistency of the scope of compensation in judicial practice.The special nature of compensation for damage to marine ecological environment makes it inappropriate to apply the provisions of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China directly to the scope of compensation for damage to marine ecological environment.On the basis of studying the right to compensate for damage to marine ecological environment,it is proposed that the scope of compensation for damage to marine ecological environment should be reconstructed by the state ownership of marine natural resources and the path to reconstruct the scope of compensation for damage to marine ecological environment in the context of ecological civilization is pointed out.