义例注《选》:论李善注引书为证的方法

Explanatory Notes on“Wenxuan”:A Study of LI Shan's Method of Quoting Books as Evidence

义例是李善注解《文选》的核心概念。借重《左传》将“凡例”分散在注释中的体例,李善为引书为证提供了周密的理论支撑:根据作者祖述、士人风尚和文学接受的注释需要,遵循“举先明后”—“转以相明”—“引后明前”的引书时序;在兼顾注释精度和阅读体验的基础上,对全书引文进行“从省避复”的空间布局。通过“自有其例”和设置“旧注是者”“其有乖谬”者、“引证疏略”者三层旧注信用等级,李善注内化了萧统《文选》的编纂原则,极力协调旧注与《文选》的冲突。在注释实践中,李善还通过附带条件的解释和增设变例来缓和义例与《文选》、旧注和自注之间的矛盾。以义例的方式注解《文选》是李善注成为征引式训诂典范的重要因素,在学术方法上促成了集部地位的升格。

Explanatory note is the core concept of LI Shan’s annotation of“Wenxuan”. Following the style of“Zuozhuan”in which explanatory notes are scattered in the annotations,LI Shan provided a thorough theoretical support for quoting books:According to the author’s ancestral statement,the scholar’s fashion and the annotation needs of literary reception,the temporal quotation follows the principle of quoting before,the same time and after;on the basis of giving consideration to the annotation accuracy and reading experience,the spatial layout of the citations in the whole book is avoiding repetition. LI Shan internalized XIAO tong’s compilation principles and tried to coordinate the conflict between the previous notes and “Wenxuan” by setting three levels of credit rating of the previous notes,namely,accurate notes,defective notes and rough notes. In the practice of annotation,LI Shan also eased the contradiction between the explanatory notes and “Wenxuan”,the previous notes and the notes of LI Shan himself by means of conditional interpretation and additional variations. The explanatory note on “Wenxuan” is an important factor for LI Shan’s annotation to become a model of the quotation type of exegesis,which has promoted the status of the literary collections in academic methods.