试论一件东欧旧藏钧官窑扁壶的用途及传播途径

On the official Jun kiln flat kettle in eastern Europe

匈牙利埃斯泰尔哈吉家族公主旧藏一件钧窑扁壶,考查这件扁壶的特征,对比钧窑的发展历史,证明这件扁壶是明代钧官窑的器物,属于粗放型的钧官窑,时代为明初到宣德时期。这件扁壶的造型特征证明其是北方地区冬季取暖使用的瓷寝具——汤婆子。明朝建立之初,不仅从海路沟通外域,也从陆路大力交通联络中亚各政权,如傅安、陈诚等从陆路出使西域的壮举,与撒马尔罕建立了朝贡贸易关系,直到万历年间。这件北方地区使用的冬季取暖的寝具,很可能是通过陆上朝贡贸易运往中亚并传到东欧的,是中外交往的重要证据。

There is a Jun kiln flask in the Hungarian Princess Esterhazy Odescalchi collection.By examining the characteristics of this flask and studies of the development of Jun kiln,the evidence has shown the date of this official Jun kiln flask is from the early Ming Dynasty to Xuande period.The shape of this flask proves that it is a porcelain foot-warmer used for heating in the winter in northern regions-Tang Pozi.In early Ming Dynasty,diplomatic envoys were sent by the emperor through both sea routs and inland routes to various regimes in Central Asia.Tribute trade system was established with Samarkand.Until the Wanli period,this foot-warmer from the northern regions was probably transport to Central Asia and Eastern Europe through the overland tributary trade.It is important evidence of Sino-foreign exchanges.