3种甘蔗螟虫绿色轻简防控技术模式效益分析

Benefit Analysis of Three Types of Green and Simple Control Technology Models for Sugarcane Stem Borer

甘蔗螟虫是为害甘蔗生长的最主要害虫。长期以来,防治甘蔗螟虫主要施用杀虫单、毒死蜱等传统化学农药,致使害虫抗药性逐渐增强,喷药次数和用药量不断增加,生态环境和农产品质量安全也受到严重威胁。为落实农药零增长行动,开发经济、绿色、轻简、高效的防治技术,提高甘蔗螟虫防治技术水平,本研究开展了常规管理(CK)、药肥+赤眼蜂+化学药剂(试验Ⅰ)、药肥+赤眼蜂(试验Ⅱ)、药肥+赤眼蜂+性诱剂迷向防控(试验Ⅲ)4种模式的对比试验。根据试验结果,3组处理组苗期枯心率分别为1.45%、1.55%、1.63%,3组之间差异均不显著;对照组螟虫枯心率为9.28%,处理组与对照组之间差异均显著。最终调查结果显示,3套处理的虫蛀节率为4.49%~5.64%,常规对照的虫蛀节率为21.38%,为试验处理的3.92~5.10倍,处理组对照组之间差异显著。根据每种模式的投入和产出,评估了其经济效益,结果显示3种示范模式净收益为1.24万~1.46万元/hm^(2),其中试验处理Ⅲ净收益最高,达1.46万元/hm^(2)。根据试验示范的结果,把生物防治、化学防治以及无人机技术相融合,初步形成在准确预测的基础上的“药肥+赤眼蜂+性诱剂无人机迷向防控”,必要时辅以化学农药防治的甘蔗螟虫绿色防控技术模式,为进一步示范推广提供了试验依据。

The sugarcane stem borer is the most important pest affecting the growth of sugarcane.For a long time,traditional chemical pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil had been used to control sugarcane stem borers,resulting in resistance of the pests,spraying frequency and dosage,and serious threats to the ecological environment.In order to implement the zero growth of pesticides,develop economical,green,simple and efficient control techniques and improve the level of sugarcane stem borer control technology,this study carried out a comparative trial of four models:conventional management(CK),fertilizer pesticide combinations(FPC)+Trichogramma+chemicals(Trial Ⅰ),FPC+Trichogramma(Trial Ⅱ)and FPC+Trichogramma+sex attractant fascination control(Trial Ⅲ).According to the test results,the seedling dieback rates of the three treatment groups were 1.45%,1.55% and 1.63%,with no significant differences between the three groups;the stem borer dieback rate of the control group was 9.28%,with significant differences between the treatment and control groups.The final survey results showed that the moth-eaten rate of the three sets of treatments was 4.49%~5.64%,and the moth-eaten rate of the conventional control was 21.38%,which was 3.92~5.10 times that of the experimental treatment.The difference between the treatment group and the control group was significant.Based on the inputs and outputs of each model,we also assessed its economic benefits,and the results showed that the net returns of the three demonstration models ranged from 12.4 to 14.6 thousand yuan/hm^(2),with the highest net return of 14.6 thousand yuan/hm^(2) for the experimental treatment Ⅲ.Based on the results of the experimental demonstration,the integration of biological and chemical control as well as drone technology has led to the initialaccurate prediction of“FPC+Trichogramma+sex trap drone fascination prevention and control”,supplemented by chemical pesticide control when necessary,provides a test basis for further demonstration and promotion.