国外自然资源综合规划概览及借鉴

Overview and Reference of Comprehensive Natural Resources Planning Abroad

文章以41个国家的自然资源综合规划文本为样本,运用文献分析法、总结归纳法和例证法,总结规划内涵、内容、决策工具等范式,为我国自然资源综合规划的理论和技术体系构建提供借鉴。结果表明:①规划编制出发点是人与自然和谐共生,可分为“维系自然”和“实现社会公平与人权”两种价值导向。②“综合”主要体现在目标、要素和环节三个方面。③规划目标和优先举措主要分为自然资源利用效率提升、承载能力可控、价值实现、治理能力现代化四个方面。④分析决策工具包括物质流、自然资本、战略环境评估等理性分析工具和问题界定、建模、解决等不同阶段的博弈分析工具。⑤实施机制包括规划体系、规划动态更新、政策保障等。建议我国逐步建立物质流、自然资源资产、承载力“三位一体”自然资源决策体系,明确自然资源规划体系,分阶段实现综合规划。

This paper takes the texts of comprehensive natural resources planning from 41 countries as samples,it uses literature analysis method,summative induction method and illustration method to summarize the planning connotation,content,decisionmaking tools and other paradigms,so as to provide reference for the construction of the theoretical and technical system of comprehensive natural resources planning in China.The results show that:①The starting point of planning is the harmonious coexistence of man and nature,which can be divided into two value orients of"maintaining nature"and"realizing social equity and human rights".②"Synthesis"is mainly reflected in three aspects,including the goal,elements and links.③The planning objectives and priority measures are mainly divided into four aspects:improving the utilization efficiency of natural resources,controllable carrying capacity,value realization,and modernization of governance capacity.④Analysis and decision tools include rational analysis tools such as material flow,natural capital and strategic environmental assessment,and game analysis tools in different stages such as problem definition,modeling and solving.⑤The implementation mechanism includes planning system,dynamic update of planning,policy guarantee,etc.It is suggested that China should gradually establish a"three-in-one"natural resource decision-making system of material flow,natural resource assets and carrying capacity,clarify the natural resource planning system,and realize comprehensive planning in stages.