食物抗氧化剂预防ROS/RNS氧化损伤疾病研究进展

Advances in the Prevention of ROS/RNS Oxidative Damage Diseases by Dietary Antioxidants

ROS/RNS是人类正常代谢的产物,有重要的生理活性,但高浓度时会产生氧化应激,引起癌症、心血管与肺部、高血压、神经退行性、糖尿病、呼吸道感染、类风湿性关节炎、白内障等氧化损伤疾病。为了预防疾病,促进健康,结合大量文献,概述了人体ROS/RNS来源及与疾病的关系。介绍了常见食物抗氧化剂如酚类化合物、维生素E、类胡萝卜素及维生素C等,探讨了不同结构的抗氧化物质清除自由基、抗氧化机制。酚类化合物是人类饮食中广泛存在的抗氧化组分,β-类胡萝卜素为维生素A原,维生素E为脂溶性、断链抗氧化剂,能保护细胞膜的完整性。维生素C为水溶性,其自由基歧化速度远高于与其他生物分子如蛋白质、氨基酸、DNA脂质等反应。它们与人体抗氧化系统,形成可逆的抗氧化防御,使人体生物大分子免受氧化损伤。提示人们养成好的膳食习惯,有利于提高生活质量。

ROS/RNS is a product of normal human metabolism and has important physiological activities.However,high concentration of ROS/RNS produces oxidative stress,leading to cancer,cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases,hypertension,neurodegeneration,diabetes,respiratory tract infection,rheumatoid arthritis,cataract and other oxidative damage diseases.In order to prevent diseases and promote health,the sources of ROS/RNS in human body and the relationship between ROS/RNS and diseases were summarized based on a large number of literatures.Common dietary antioxidants,such as phenolic compounds,vitamin E,carotenoids and vitamin C were introduced.The mechanism of scavenging free radicals and antioxidation by different antioxidant compounds was discussed.Phenolic compounds are widely found as antioxidant components of the human diet,β-carotenoids are provitamin A and vitamin E are fat-soluble,chain-breaking antioxidants that protect the integrity of cell membranes.Vitamin C is water-soluble,and its free radical disproportionation rate is much higher than the reaction with other biological molecules such as proteins,amino acids,DNA,etc.Together with the body’s antioxidant system,they form a reversible antioxidant defense to protect human biomacromolecules from oxidative damage.It is suggested that forming good dietary habits is beneficial to improve the quality of life.