“氨-氢”绿色能源路线及液氨储运技术研究进展

Research progress on“ammonia-hydrogen”green energy roadmap and storage&transportation technology of liquid ammonia

氨作为高效氢能载体具有能量密度高、储运成本低、安全性高及无碳储能等优点,能够有效解决高压氢能储运难题,对开辟特色氢能储运路线和实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。基于氨比氢更易储运的特性,综述了“氨-氢”绿色能源路线发展现状以及依托该路线的液氨管道输送工艺体系、安全技术、设计标准研究进展。针对目前中国液氨管道安全输送技术及设计运营经验中存在的问题,提出以下建议:(1)结合实验及仿真模拟等方法,开展含杂质液氨基础物性以及不同管道输送工艺相变特征与水力热力特性研究;(2)液氨管道可借鉴已成熟的油气管道建设经验,但在役油气管道若改输液氨需开展全方位适用性评估;(3)基于液氨管道泄漏扩散特性,完善泄漏监测体系,验证并优化防护技术效果;(4)从管材、设备、安全、防腐等多个角度,完善液氨管道建设及运行管理标准。

As a high-efficiency hydrogen energy carrier,ammonia has the significant advantages such as high energy density,low storage and transportation cost,high safety and carbon-free energy storage.It can effectively solve the problems of high-pressure storage and transportation of hydrogen energy,which is of great significance to open up a featured storage and transportation roadmap for hydrogen energy correponding to the characteristics of energy structure in China and achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Based on the fact that ammonia is easier to store and transport than hydrogen,the development status of ammonia-hydrogen green energy roadmap and the research progress of the transportation process system,safety technology and design standard of liquid ammonia pipeline relying on the roadmap were reviewed.In view of the problems that the safe pipeline transportation technology of liquid ammonia needs further research and the design experience of liquid ammonia pipeline is immature in China,the following 4 suggestions were proposed:(1)Studies should be conducted on the basic physical properties of liquid ammonia containing impurities and the phase change characteristics,as well as the thermo-hydraulic behaviors,of different pipeline transportation technologies through the combination of experiments and simulation methods.(2)The mature experience of oil and gas pipelines can be referred to liquid ammonia pipelines,but comprehensive fitness-for-service evaluation should be performed before transferring in-service oil and gas pipelines to liquid ammonia transportation ones,if any.(3)The leakage monitoring system should be improved based on the leakage and diffusion characteristics of liquid ammonia pipeline,and the effect of protection technologies should be verified and optimized.(4)The construction,operation and management standards of liquid ammonia pipelines should be improved from the perspectives of pipeline materials,equipment,safety and corrosion prevention,etc.