超声弹性成像在乳腺癌诊断中的应用现状

Application status of ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of breast cancer

乳腺癌的早诊早治对其预后具有重要影响。随着超声技术的发展,乳腺病变检出率明显提高,超声对病变的检测敏感性高,但特异性差,假阳性率高。超声弹性成像技术的应用为诊断乳腺癌提供了新的思路。弹性成像技术在二维超声成像的基础上,可以定性、定量、无创地获取组织的硬度信息,对病灶进行二次评估,从而提高超声诊断乳腺癌的准确性,减少非必要的活检。此外,在预测乳腺癌免疫组化因子及亚型、鉴别三阴性乳腺癌与非三阴性乳腺癌以及评估新辅助化疗的效果等方面,弹性成像也有一定的指导意义。同时,超声弹性成像也有一定的局限性,在临床应用中应充分了解每一种弹性成像方法的特点,减少误诊和漏诊。本文主要叙述近年来超声弹性成像在乳腺癌诊断中的应用现状。

Early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer has an important effect on its prognosis.With the development of ultrasound technology,the detection rate of breast lesions has significantly increased.Ultrasound has high sensitivity but poor specificity and high false positive rate in the detection of lesions.The application of ultrasound elastography provides a new idea for the diagnosis of breast cancer.Based on two-dimensional ultrasound imaging,ultrasound elastography can obtain the hardness information of tissue noninvasively,qualitatively and quantitatively.It can perform secondary evaluation of lesions,improve the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer,and reduce unnecessary biopsies.In addition,ultrasound elastography has certain guiding significance in predicting immunohistochemical factors and subtypes of breast cancer,differentiating triple negative breast cancer from non-triple negative breast cancer and evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.At the same time,ultrasound elastography also has certain limitations.In clinical application,the characteristics of each elastography method should be fully understood to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.This paper reviews the recent progress of ultrasound elastography in breast cancer diagnosis.