广西早产儿屈光状态追踪研究

Follow-up study on refractive status of preterm infants in Guangxi

目的分析广西早产儿时屈光发育情况及其影响因素。方法80例早产儿,体检正常早产儿作为正常组,有早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)未临床治疗的早产儿作为ROP组,每组40例(80眼)。调查所有早产儿基本资料,分析早产儿屈光状态的影响因素,比较两组早产儿随访不同时间等效球镜度与散光度以及早产儿屈光状态。结果不同出生体质量、有无ROP早产儿等效球镜度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROP组早产儿随访2年时的等效球镜度(-1.26±1.52)D、散光度0.33(0,0.58)D,与正常组的(-0.10±0.75)、0.17(0,0.39)D比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROP组等效球镜度、散光度以及近视、远视、正视、散光眼数分别为(-0.05±0.85)D、0.50(0.08,0.67)D、31眼、48眼、68眼、74眼,正常组为(0.19±0.59)D、0.42(0.08,0.58)D、28眼、16眼、58眼、69眼。两组等效球镜度与远视占比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组散光度及近视、正视、散光占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过进一步了解正常早产儿出生后早期的屈光发育情况,帮助临床医生评估早产儿的屈光状态是否正常,及早发现异常的屈光,防止弱视发生。

Objective To analyze the refractive development of preterm infants aged 0-3 years and the factors affecting it.Methods 80 preterm infants,with normal preterm infants on physical examination as the normal group and preterm infants with ROP lesions that did not require clinical treatment as the ROP group,with 40 cases(80 eyes)in each group.The basic information of all preterm infants was investigated.The factors influencing the refractive status of preterm infants was analyzed,and the spherical equivalent and astigmatism at different follow-up times and the refractive status of preterm infants in the two groups were compared.Results There were statistically significant differences in the spherical equivalent between preterm infants with different birth weights and between preterm infants with or without ROP(P<0.05).The spherical equivalent of the preterm infants in the ROP group was(-1.26±1.52)D and the astigmatism was[0.33(0,0.58)]D at the 2-year follow-up,and the differences were statistically significant compared with(-0.10±0.75)and[0.17(0,0.39)]D in the normal group(P<0.05).The spherical equivalent,astigmatism,and the number of myopia,hyperopia,normal vision and astigmatism in the ROP group of preterm infants were(-0.05±0.85)D,[0.50(0.08,0.67)]D,31 eyes,48 eyes,68 eyes,and 74 eyes,and those of the normal group were(0.19±0.59)D,[0.42(0.08,0.58)]D,28 eyes,16 eyes,58 eyes,and 69 eyes.There were statistically significant differences in the spherical equivalent and the proportion of hyperopia between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of astigmatism and the proportion of myopia,normal vision and astigmatism between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Further understanding of the refractive development of normal preterm infants in the early postnatal period can help clinicians assess whether the refractive status of preterm infants is normal,detect abnormal refraction early,and prevent amblyopia from occurring.