从维护睦邻安邻关系到构建安全共同体——中国与中亚国家安全合作30年

From Maintaining Good and Safe Neighborly Relations to Building a Security Community:China’s Cooperation with Central Asian Countries for Three Decades

中亚地区是中国西北周边重要近邻,不仅有着漫长的共同边界,而且由于地缘文化的关联性,中国与中亚各国间存在着千丝万缕的联系。这种特殊的国家关系,决定了各国实现国家安全目标必要条件中“共同安全、合作安全和集体安全”的重要性,也决定了实现这些必要条件时政治互信与务实合作的必要性。1991年末苏联解体后,中亚地区出现的五个独立民族国家急需构建各自的国家安全模式。其中,与中国关系的定位成为重要的条件之一。同时,正在进入全面改革开放阶段的中国,出于稳定周边环境的需要,也必须与中亚国家建立互利、协作的睦邻关系。随着世界和地区形势的发展,中国与中亚国家之间的政治互信水平在应对共同的安全威胁因素挑战的过程中不断提高,安全合作成为发展新型国家关系的重要组成部分。中国与中亚各国建交30年来,首先取得的重大合作成就就是在安全领域。随着全球政治经济格局的变化和地区安全形势的演进,中国与中亚各国在维护自身稳定时,也把促进区域安全视为共同职责,同时逐渐形成了有效的协作模式。当世界进入百年未有之大变局之际,中国与中亚各国均遇到各种新挑战。在安全领域加强务实合作,形成彼此可以倚重的安全共同体,这种理念正在成为得到高度认同的地区共识。

Central Asia is an important neighbor on the northwest of China.It not only shares a long border,but also has inextricable links with China due to their geo-cultural ties.This special relationship determines both the importance of “common security,cooperative security and collective security” in the conditions necessary for countries to achieve their national security goals,and the necessity for political mutual trust and pragmatic cooperation in realizing these necessary conditions.In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991,the five independent nation-states that emerged in Central Asia urgently needed to build their own national security modes.Among them,the positioning of relations with China has become one of the important conditions.Meanwhile,China,which was entering the stage of all-around reform and opening up,also had to establish mutually beneficial and cooperative good-neighborly relations with Central Asian countries aiming at stabilizing the surrounding environment.With changes in the world and the whole region,the level of political mutual trust between China and Central Asian countries has continuously increasing when coping with challenges of common security threats.Security cooperation has become an important part in developing the new type of international relations.In the three decades since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Central Asian countries,the first major achievement of cooperation has been in the field of security.With changes in global political and economic landscape and the evolution of regional security situation,China and Central Asian countries regard promoting regional security as a common responsibility while maintaining their own stability and gradually forming an effective cooperation model.As the world witnesses major changes unprecedented in a century,China and Central Asian countries are facing various new challenges.The concept of strengthening practical cooperation in security and forming a security community,in which each can rely on the other,is becoming a regional consensus which is highly recognized.