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关于地理信息系统未来发展的思考 被引量:31

Thoughts on the Future Development of Geographic Information System
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摘要 在Geographic Information System(GIS)近60年的发展演进中,理论和技术都取得了长足的进步;应用领域扩大到社会的方方面面,社会影响力越来越大;体系结构、开发模式和服务模式等都发生了深刻的变化。为了推动GISystem进一步向前发展,在综述GIS中之“S”的三种含义即System(系统)、Science(科学)和Service(服务)以及GIS近60年来取得的丰硕成果的基础上,重点就以下三个问题进行了讨论:(1)如何认识地理信息系统(GISystem)。首先解析地理信息系统的三个关键词(系统、信息、地理信息),据此论述了地理信息系统的内涵,分析了地理信息系统同地图、计算机地图制图、地图数据库的关系,认为地理信息系统源于又超越了地图、计算机地图制图和地图数据库,并认为地理信息系统具有装备的特性。(2)地理信息系统是怎样发展演进的。重点分析了由“地理信息系统”到“地理信息服务”的发展演进的社会需求背景、技术背景、学科背景,从应用领域、数据资源和功能的扩展及体系结构、开发模式和服务模式等方面,分析了地理信息系统发展演进的主要表现。(3)地理信息系统的未来发展将走向何方。首先,讨论了正确理解地理信息系统应用领域扩展的问题,认为应用领域的扩展不可能是“无边无际”的;地理信息系统的未来发展必须面向国家经济建设和国防建设急需;在分析比较现有三种GISystem服务模式的基础上,认为采用“网格集成”与“弹性云”的“混合式”技术体制是GISystem服务模式的最佳选择;提出了基于“网格集成”与“弹性云”的“混合式”的时空大数据平台技术实现必须解决的6个关键技术问题和“时空大数据平台”的应用模式。 Geographic Information System has made great progress in theory and technology in recent 60years. The application field of GIS has expanded to all aspects of society, and the social influence is increasable growing. The architecture, development mode and service mode of GIS have undergone profound changes. In order to promote the further development of GISystem, this paper focused on the following three issues based on summarizing the three meanings of “S” in “GIS”, namely “System” “Science”and “Service”, and the fruitful achievements of “GIS” in recent 60 years. The first issue is how to understand GISystem. This issue should be analyzed from two aspects, and one is to discuss the connotation of geographic information system through analyzing the three key words(namely system, information and geographic) of GIS. The other one is to analyze the relationship between GIS and map, computer mapping and map database. This paper holds the idea that GIS originates from and goes beyond map, computer mapping and map database. It should be considered that GIS has the characteristics of equipment. The second issue is how does GIS evolve. This issue focuses on the social demand background, technical background and discipline background of the development and evolution from “Geographic Information System” to“Geographic Information Service”. It also focuses on the main manifestations of the development and evolution of GIS from the aspects of application field, expansion of data resources and functions, architecture,development mode and service mode. The third issue is where will the future development of GIS go. We discussed that the limit application domain expansion of GIS and point out that the future development of GIS must face the urgent needs of national economic construction and national defense construction. Based on the analysis and comparison of three existing GISystem service modes, we consider that the “hybrid”technology system of “grid integration” and “elastic cloud” is the best choice for GISystem service mode. Finally, this paper puts forward six key technical problems that must be solved in the implementation of “hybrid” spatiotemporal big data platform technology based on “grid integration” and “elastic cloud”and designs the application mode of “spatiotemporal big data platform”.
作者 王家耀 WANG Jiayao(Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-temporal Big Data,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第10期1535-1545,共11页 Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University
关键词 地理信息系统 地理信息服务 时空大数据 时空大数据平台 “共用时空大数据平台+”应用模式 geographic information system geographic information service spatiotemporal big data spatiotemporal big data platform “shared spatiotemporal big data platform+”application mode
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