优视摄影测量与泛在实景三维数据采集:以实景三维青岛为例

Optimized Views Photogrammetry and Ubiquitous Real 3D Data Acquisition with the Application Case in Qingdao

面向实景三维建设的广阔需求,提出了一种新型无人机摄影测量技术,即优视摄影测量。分析说明了优视摄影测量的技术原理,以多种方式获取的三维概略模型为规划依据,结合立体观测采样和可观测性约束分析生成和优选出航摄视角,进而形成对应的航摄路径;针对大测区应用与无人机作业能力有限的矛盾,以航线划分的方式从精细规划端给出了多无人机协同施测的解决方案;以实景三维青岛建设中的城市核心区为测试场景,实现了面向大范围复杂城市场景的优视航测多机协同实景三维数据采集实施验证,分别进行了分区块及全区整体的实景三维重建,并与专业化倾斜航测系统生成的实景模型进行对比分析。结果表明,优视摄影测量技术模式下生成实景三维模型的精细度具有显著提升。在保证高质量输出的前提下,该技术模式可驱动轻小型航摄设备实现较大范围复杂区域的实景三维数据采集,并通过协同施测提高作业效率。以优视摄影测量为技术内核,可进一步延展为面向多方向、多领域的泛在实景三维数据采集技术应用模式。

Objectives: To satisfy the widely demand of 3D real scene reconstruction, a novel unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) photogrammetric technique approach, named optimized views photogrammetry, is presented.Methods: In terms of the 3D rough model of the scene which obtained in various ways,optimized views photogrammetry generates initial views via stereoscopic observation sampling and selects optimal views under the constraint of observability measure, and then forms the aerial photogrammetry planning path for quadcopters. For the contradiction between large-scale application and limited endurance of UAV system, optimized views photogrammetry provides a multi-UAV collaborative survey solution with its specific path division function in the planning end. A practical application verification was performed in urban central district of Qingdao, to assess the performance of multi-UAV cooperative optimized views photogrammetry in relatively large range complicated urban scene.Results: The output results of real 3D reconstruction postprocessing and the detailed comparison with the model generated from oblique photogram-metry verify that, on the premise of high-quality real scene 3D output, the technical approach realizes the real scene 3D acquisition in a large range of complex space with light and small aerial photography equipment, as meanwhile and improves the efficiency through collaborative operation.Conclusions: With the key support of optimized views photogrammetry, it could also make an extension to the new technology application mode of ubiquitous real 3D data acquisition for multiple technical directions and application fields.